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研究报告

Study on the release of pollutants in dynamic leaching from the typical domestic solid waste in rural areas

摘要：选取我国东、中、西部3个地区6个典型村镇的生活垃圾,设计了两种淋滤强度:低强度(10 mm·d^-1)和高强度(20 mm·d^-1),采用室内降雨模拟实验,研究了生活垃圾污染物如COD_Cr、BOD₅、TN和NH₃-N等的动态淋滤释放特征.结果显示,两种淋滤强度下,3个地区淋滤液pH值整体随时间的增加呈现小幅的上升,变化范围分别在6.5~8.0(10 mm·d^-1)和5.5~8.0(20 mm·d^-1)之间;COD_Cr呈现显著下降(1~2周)、缓慢下降(2~7周)和相对平稳(7~10周)3个阶段.淋滤液BOD₅在前6周降低明显,在第7和第8周基本达到了溶出的平衡点.淋滤液TN分别在第8周(10 mm·d^-1)和第7周(20 mm·d^-1)基本达到了溶出平衡,NH₃-N分别在第8周(10 mm·d^-1)和第6周(20 mm·d^-1)基本达到了溶出平衡.整个淋溶周期内(10周),淋滤液COD_Cr、BOD₅、TN和NH₃-N浓度变化规律整体呈现:高强度(20 mm·d^-1)淋滤条件下浓度降低率高于低强度(10 mm·d^-1).

Abstract：In order to study the pollutant release characteristics of domestic solid waste in rural areas, such as:COD_Cr、BOD₅、TN and NH₃-N, domestic solid waste from six typical villages and towns in the east, midland and west region of China were collected, respectively, and were conducted by a simulating rainfall experiment including low (10 mm·d^-1) and high elution strength (20 mm·d^-1). The results show that the pH of leachate in two elution strength is increasing over time in the following two narrow ranges, between 6.5 and 8.0(10 mm·d^-1) and between 5.5 and 8.0(20 mm·d^-1). The variations of COD_Cr concentration could be divided to three stages:rapid decrease (1~2 week), slow decrease (2~7 week) and being stable (7~10 week). Furthermore, BOD₅ reduced remarkably before six weeks and reached equilibrium at the seventh or eighth week. The TN in the leachate reached equilibrium at the eighth (10 mm·d^-1) and the seventh (20 mm·d^-1) week respectively while the NH₃-N reached equilibrium at the eighth (10 mm·d^-1) and sixth (20 mm·d^-1) week. In all, the reduction rate of COD_Cr、BOD₅、TN and NH₃-N concentrations under 20 mm·d^-1 elution strength was higher than those under 10 mm·d^-1 during the whole elution periods.

Key words：domestic solid waste in rural areas pollutant dynamic leaching release characteristics