| 苏艳,苏虹,胡秉飞,陈金燕,钟勇.低温环境对3种结构钢力学性能的影响研究[J].装备环境工程,2022,19(3):118-125. SU Yan,SU Hong,HU Bing-fei,CHEN Jing-yan,ZHONG Yong.Influence of Low Temperature Environment on Mechanical Performance of Three Structural Steels[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering,2022,19(3):118-125. |
| 低温环境对3种结构钢力学性能的影响研究 |
| Influence of Low Temperature Environment on Mechanical Performance of Three Structural Steels |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-08 修订日期：2021-12-20 |
| DOI：10.7643/issn.1672-9242.2022.03.018 |
| 中文关键词: 结构钢 低温 力学性能 微观组织 |
| 英文关键词:structural steel low temperature mechanical performance microstructure |
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| Author | Institution |
| SU Yan | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| SU Hong | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| HU Bing-fei | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| CHEN Jing-yan | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
| ZHONG Yong | Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 研究揭示低温对结构钢冲击韧性和拉伸性能的影响规律。方法 采用实验室冲击试验和拉伸试验，研究–70～20 ℃内3种钢材的冲击吸收能量以及抗拉强度、断后伸长率等力学性能的变化规律。利用金相显微镜(OM)和环境扫描电镜(SEM)观察和表征材料的显微组织及冲击断口形貌特征，并采用冲击吸收能量法测定材料的韧脆转变温度。结果 45A和300M具有体心立方晶格，随着试验温度的降低，45A冲击吸收能量变化规律整体呈S形，发生韧脆转变现象，300M冲击吸收能量下降幅度明显低于45A，–70 ℃时的冲击吸收能量保持率仍高达75%。1Cr18Ni9具有面心立方晶格，在试验温度范围内，冲击吸收能量变化平缓，未发现韧脆转变倾向。随着温度的降低，3种钢材的抗拉强度、屈服强度均不同程度地增高，而断后伸长率和断面收缩率随温度的降低而减小。结论 钢的低温脆性与晶格类型有关，体心立方晶格的金属具有冷脆性，而面心立方晶格金属通常不具有冷脆倾向。由冲击吸收能量法测得45A的韧脆转变温度为–28 ℃，300M的韧脆转变温度< –70 ℃。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper aimsto reveal the influence rules of low temperature on the impact toughness and tensile performance of structural steel. Through impact and tensile test, the change rules of such mechanical performance as impact absorbed energy, tensile strength, and the elongation rate after fracture of three structural steels at –70~20 ℃ were studied, the microstructure and the impact fracture morphology features of materials were observed and characterized by the metallographic microscope (OM) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), and the ductile-brittle transition temperature was measured by impact absorbed energy method. Both 45A and 300M structural steels had body-centered cubic lattice. The change rule of the impact absorbed energy of 45A structural steel was S-shaped with the temperature decreases and produced ductile-brittle transition. Compared with 45A structural steel, the decrease range of impact absorbed energy for 300M structural steel was smaller, and its impact absorbed energy was still up to 75% at –70 ℃. 1Cr18Ni9 had face-centered cubic lattice and gentle change of impact absorbed energy without ductile-brittle transition found at test temperature range. The tensile strength and yield strength of the three structural steels all increased in different degrees with the temperature fell, but the elongation rate and reduction of cross section after fracture decreased. The low temperature brittleness of structural steel has relation with lattice types. The metals with body-centered cubic lattice have cold brittleness, but the metals with face-centered cubic lattice not. The ductile-brittle transition temperatures of 45A and 300M structural steels measured by the impact absorbed energy method are –28 ℃ and < –70 ℃ respectively. |
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