污染控制技术及原理
黄鹤,孙玫玲,刘爱霞,张长春.天津城市大气污染物浓度垂直分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(12):2478-2483
天津城市大气污染物浓度垂直分布特征
- Vertical distribution of air pollutants in the atmosphere in Tianjin
- 基金项目：2008年度城市气象科学研究基金(No.UMRF200806);天津市自然科学基金(No.08GCYBGC10200);天津市气象局研究型业务基金(No.YJX0808)
- 作者
- 单位
- 黄鹤
- 1. 中国气象局北京 城市气象研究所, 北京 100089; 2. 天津市气象科学研究所, 天津 300061
- 孙玫玲
- 天津市气象科学研究所, 天津 300061
- 刘爱霞
- 天津市气象科学研究所, 天津 300061
- 张长春
- 天津市气象科学研究所, 天津 300061
- 摘要：利用2007年10月10日～2008年9月30日天津边界层气象观测塔得到的PM2.5质量浓度、O3和NO2体积分数等梯度资料,对比分析了不同高度上各污染物数据统计特征,并对各污染物数据的时间变化特征及垂直分布进行了讨论.结果表明,天津市PM2.5污染严重,且易发生光化学污染事件.各高度层PM2.5浓度在12、1和2月份存在较大差异,其他月份差异较小;O3体积分数均表现出夏季高冬季低的典型特征;NO2体积分数在220m高度处变化较为复杂且全年波动较大,120m处变化平稳,40m处则表现出春夏季高、秋冬季低的特点.PM2.5体积分数和NO2体积分数日变化均呈现双峰型,峰值的出现与早晚出行高峰以及边界层的变化有关,且污染物出现峰值的时间由低到高存在2～3h的延迟.O3体积分数与太阳辐射强度关系密切,各层均在14:00前后达到最大,而夜间的还原反应使各层臭氧体积分数下降.40m和120m处NO2体积分数变化较为一致,全天波动很小,而220m处波动较大,昼夜差异明显.
- Abstract：The statistical characteristics,temporal variation and vertical distribution of the main air pollutants in Tianjin (PM2.5,O3 and NO2) were analyzed using the vertical data obtained from a 255 m meteorological tower from 10,Oct 2007 to 30,Sept 2008.In Tianjin,the major pollutant is PM2.5,and photochemical smog easily occurs due to the high O3 concentration.The differences of PM2.5 concentration among the three heights(220m,120m and 40m) are greater in December,January and February than in other months.All the O3 concentrations in the three layers are larger in summer,but smaller in winter.The NO2 concentration fluctuates obviously at 220m,but is relatively stable at 120m and at 40m.The NO2 concentration is greater in spring and summer than in autumn and winter.The daily PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations both have two peaks at the morning and evening rush hours and the boundary layer moves.According to the times of appearance of each peak at each layer,2～3 hours are required to transfer the pollutants from the ground to the top layer.The O3 concentration has a close relationship with the solar radiation intensity and reaches to a maximum at about 14:00 and decreases at night because of the deoxidization reactions in each atmospheric layer.Both at 40 m and 120 m,the concentration of NO2 changes similarly and oscillates little,but at 220 m it fluctuates obviously,and in addition,shows a greater diurnal variation.
- Key words：boundary layer pollution concentration statistical characteristics temporal variation vertical distribution
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