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张俊亚,魏源送,陈梅雪,佟娟,熊继海,敖子强.畜禽粪便生物处理与土地利用全过程中抗生素和重金属抗性基因的赋存与转归特征研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(4):935-946

Occurrence and fate of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in the total process of biological treatment and land application of animal manure: A review

基金项目：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费课题(No.201303091);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(No.2012ZX07202-005);江西省优势科技创新团队建设项目(No.20113BCB24017)

摘要：抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance gene, ARG)在全球范围内的传播已引起国际上的广泛关注.越来越多的证据显示抗生素和重金属对抗生素抗性基因在环境中的分布和传播起到了重要作用.畜禽粪便是环境中抗生素和重金属的主要污染源之一,并已成为抗生素抗性基因重要的蓄积库.生物处理(如厌氧发酵和好氧堆肥)和土地利用是畜禽粪便广泛应用的处理与处置方式.本文通过文献调研,综述国内外抗生素抗性基因和重金属抗性基因在畜禽粪便生物处理及土地利用全过程中的传播、分布及控制的研究进展,并对今后的研究重点和方向提出建议和展望,以期为我国畜禽养殖粪便的风险控制和资源化利用提供借鉴.针对畜禽粪便处理处置全过程中抗性基因的削减与控制,我们建议在以下方面开展深入研究:①抗生素抗性基因和重金属抗性基因在全过程中的赋存与转归特征;②生物处理工艺操作参数对畜禽粪便中抗性基因分布及其削减的影响;③加强综合管理研究,源头控制抗性基因;④研发适于全过程抗性基因的协同控制关键技术等.

Abstract：Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and its world-wide spread have attracted public concern globally over the recent years. Increasing studies show that antibiotics and heavy metals play an important role in the environmental occurrence and spread of ARG. As the major source of antibiotics and heavy metals in environment, animal manure has become one of reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes. Biological treatment and land application are widely used for treatment and disposal of animal manure. Through literature review, this paper summarizes occurrence, transfer and removal of ARG and heavy metal resistance genes during the biological treatment and land application of animal manure, and proposes future research directions for reduction and control of resistance genes in animal manure. For reduction and control of resistance genes, future research should focus on: 1) occurrence and fate of antibiotics and heavy metals resistance genes during the whole biological treatment and land application process of animal manure, 2) effects of anaerobic digestion and composting on distribution and removal of ARG in animal manure under different operational conditions, 3) enhancement of integrated management to control pollution of resistance genes from the source, and 4) R & D of key technologies for the coordinated control of resistance genes during the total process.