| 风化煤组配改良剂结合水分管理对水稻根际土壤与稻米甲基汞含量的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2011 全文点击 805 投稿时间：2020-05-17 修订日期：2020-07-13 |
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| 中文关键词 甲基汞 稻田土壤 改良剂 水分管理 安全利用 |
| 英文关键词 methyl mercury paddy soil amendment water management safe utilization of farmland soil |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 郑顺安 | 农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站, 北京 100125
农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点试验室, 北京 100125
农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | zhengshunan1234@163.com | | 吴泽嬴 | 农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站, 北京 100125
农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点试验室, 北京 100125 | | | 杜兆林 | 农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站, 北京 100125
农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点试验室, 北京 100125
农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | | | 倪润祥 | 农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站, 北京 100125
农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点试验室, 北京 100125 | | | 姚启星 | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100083 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采用以风化煤、碳酸钙与亚硒酸钠为主要原料组配的土壤改良剂，结合稻田水分管理（抽穗扬花期后保持80%田间持水量），通过盆栽试验和大田试验，研究改良剂和水分管理对稻田水稻土和水稻籽粒中甲基汞含量及水稻生产的影响.结果表明：①土壤改良剂结合稻田水分管理可以显著降低水稻根际土壤与水稻籽粒中甲基汞含量.在盆栽环境中，土壤改良剂+水分管理的处理与对照相比，水稻根际土壤甲基汞含量降低了86.6%，水稻籽粒中甲基汞含量降低了65.2%；在大田环境中，土壤改良剂+水分管理的处理与对照相比，水稻根际土壤甲基汞含量降低了77.4%，水稻籽粒中甲基汞含量降低了60.6%.②土壤改良剂显著提高了土壤pH，在盆栽环境中提高了约0.3，在大田环境中提高了约0.2.同时，土壤改良剂加入土壤后，水稻在湿润状态下有效穗、穗粒数和籽粒产量没有出现显著降低.以上研究结果显示，通过土壤改良剂配合农艺调控措施（水分管理），能够有效降低汞污染稻田甲基汞暴露风险，且高效绿色，对于实现轻中度汞污染稻田安全利用具有可行性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A pot experiment and field experiment were designed to study the changes in the grain methyl mercury content in paddy soil and rice yield by sowing soil amendments that contained weathered coal, CaCO3, and Na2SeO3 as the main raw materials, combined with water management in a paddy field (80% field capacity after the heading and flowering periods). The results showed that:① In pot experiment, the content of methylmercury in rice rhizosphere soil decreased by 86.6% and the content of methylmercury in the rice grains decreased by 65.2% compared with that of the control. In field experiment, the content of methylmercury in rice rhizosphere soil decreased by 77.4% and the content of methylmercury in rice grains decreased by 60.6% upon adding the amendment+water management compared with that of CK. ② The soil pH increased by more than 0.3 in the pot experiment and 0.2 in the field experiment compared with that of the control. Furthermore, rice yield and plant biomass did not decrease in the two parts of the experiment. It can be inferred that the soil amendment and agronomic regulation measures (water management) used in this study have the advantages of quick effects, convenient use, and remarkable control effects and without secondary pollution. More, they can effectively reduce the risk of rice methylmercury exposure. |
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