| 环境毒物检测方法──细菌培养顶空气相色谱法及其应用研究 |
| 摘要点击 887 全文点击 561 修订日期：1993-08-08 |
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| 中文关键词 毒性评价 结构与毒性 毒物联合作用 顶空气相色谱 生态毒理 |
| 英文关键词 oxicity assessment structure and toxicity toxicants interaction head-space gas chromatography ecological toxicology |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 用顶空气相色谱技术测定环境毒物对大肠杆菌(E.Coli)代谢产物CO2的抑制程度,以IC50(50%抑制浓度)判断毒性大小,旨在探索一种快速检测环境污染物毒性的方法。本试验选择最佳条件为;细菌浓度109个/ml,pH值72-7.4,顶空管气液比1:2.5,培养4h,以及适宜的CO2测定色谱条件。用该方法检测8种离子毒性,IC50值顺序为Hg2+(0.86×10-6)>Cu2+(8.00×10-6)>Cd2+(8.39×10-6)>CN-(10.20×10-6)>Pb2+(11.20×10-6)>Sn2+(20.10×10-6)>Ni2+(39.70×10-6);研究了Cd2+、Hg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和CN-种离子间联合毒性作用,大多数表现为相加作用,也有协同和拮抗作用;芳香族化合物结构活性与毒性两者间有密切关系,取代基种类和数目不同,毒性各异;探讨硝基废水处理过程中毒性随硝基苯类化合物的浓度、COD值降低而减弱。 |
| 英文摘要 |
| Aiming to explore a rapid, sensitive method for monitoring environmental toxicants, a head space gas chromatographic technique was used to determine the extent to which the environmental toxicants have inhibited carbon dioxide (CO2) as a product of the bacteria E.Coli metabolization and IC50, a concentration of an environmental toxicant being tested that has an effect of 50% inhibition, was used as a measure of the toxicity of the environmental toxicant. The optimized conditions in this test include. a bacteria concentration of 109/ml,PH 7.2-7.4,a ratio of gas/liquid of 1:2.5 in ilead space tube. a culture time of 4 hours,and the operation conditions of chromatograph suitable for COs determination. This method has been used to test the toxicities of & ions,with an order of decreasing toxicity in terms of IC50 value as follows:Hg2+ (0.86 ppm),Cu2+ (8.00 ppm),Cd2+ (8.39 ppm),CN-(10.20 ppm),Pb2+(11.20), Zn2+ (15.20 ppm),Sn2+ (20.10 ppm), Ni2+ (39.70 ppm). The joint toxicities among Cd2+,Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and CN- ions were also studied and it was found that most of them exhibited an additive, antagonistic or synergistic action. Aromatic compounds were found to have a close relationship between their structures and toxicities,and those with different numbers and types of substituent had different toxicities.It was also found that in the process of treating the wastewater containing nitro-compounds, the toxicities of wastewater reduced with reducing concentrations of nitrobenzenes and COD. |
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