摘要:
在我国,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)主要应用于石油开采,其长期暴露于环境中可以降解成有毒的丙烯酰胺(AM)。为探究在降解过程中AM的毒性作用,选择斑马鱼作为受试动物,进行AM长期毒性暴露40 d,考察了对斑马鱼的肝脏、脑组织、心脏、腮等器官的影响情况。结果表明:在2.04 mg·L-1、6.12 mg·L-1和18.36 mg·L-1暴露浓度下,形态学观察斑马鱼的鳃丝,鳃小片和鳃细胞有严重的受损现象;随着浓度的升高斑马鱼肝脏、脑组织和心脏中MDA含量、LDH活力的升高,SDH和Na+-K+-ATPase活力的降低,均对其肝脏、脑组织和心脏造成氧化损伤作用,从而影响了斑马鱼体内细胞能量代谢过程。采用彗星试验检测斑马鱼的生殖腺细胞DNA损伤,结果显示暴露于浓度为2.04 mg·L-1~18.36 mg·L-1的AM后,斑马鱼的DNA损伤均表现为显著差异(P<0.01)。上述研究结果均确定了AM对斑马鱼的毒性效应并可造成其生殖腺细胞的DNA损伤。
Abstract:
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is widely utilized in oil production in China. It may degrade into toxic acrylamide (AM) after long-term environmental exposure. This study was initiated to enhance our insight into the aquatic environmental impact of AM. Zebrafish were exposed to AM for 40 d to examine its toxic effect on gill, liver, brain, heart and DNA in germ cells. The results showed that the gill filaments and gill cells were damaged seriously in the 2.04, 6.12 and 18.36 mg·L-1 exposure concentration. With the concentration increased zebrafish liver, brain and heart MDA content and LDH activity increased, and the activity of SDH and Na+-K+-ATPase reduced. Comet Assay showed that AM induced DNA damage in germ cells, indicating a statistically significant difference (P<0.01) in the 2.04 to 18.36 mg·L-1 exposure concentration. These results suggest that AM induce a does-dependent toxicity effect on organs of zebrafish and DNA damage in their gonads.
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