摘要:
酚类物质作为一类主要的污染物，已引起国内外高度重视，但目前其对陆生生物的毒性研究较少。本试验探究了4-叔丁基苯酚、间甲酚、2-氯苯酚、2-甲酚、2,4-二氯苯酚这5种酚类物质对中国本土物种中国白羽鹌鹑和中华蜜蜂的急性毒性。在中国白羽鹌鹑的急性经口试验中，2-氯苯酚、2-甲酚的7 d的半致死浓度(7 d-LC50)分别为331 mg·kg-1和413 mg·kg-1，其他3种酚类物质的7 d-LC50均大于限度值1 000 mg·kg-1；在中国白羽鹌鹑的急性饲喂试验中，5种酚类物质的8 d-LC50均大于限度值 2 000 mg·kg-1；在中华蜜蜂的急性经口试验中，2-氯苯酚、2-甲酚和2,4-二氯苯酚的48 h-LC50分别为306 mg·L-1、358 mg·L-1和364 mg·L-1；在中华蜜蜂的急性接触试验中，2,4-二氯苯酚的48 h的半致死量(48 h-LD50)为2.6 μg·蜂-1，其他4种酚类物质的48 h-LD50均大于限度值100 μg·蜂-1。研究结果表明不同的酚类物质由于其结构不同亦表现出不同的毒性，甲酚的邻位取代比间位取代对中国白羽鹌鹑和中华蜜蜂的毒性更高，不同物种表现出了相似的规律性。5种酚类物质对我国本土物种中国白羽鹌鹑和中华蜜蜂毒性比对其他水生生物更敏感，存在良好的剂量效应关系。
Abstract:
Phenols are a kind of wide-spread contaminants and their toxicity to terrestrial organisms are less known. Acute toxicity studies were conducted by using the Chinese native species, Chinese recessive white feather quail (CWQ) and Apis cerana cerana (ACC), to estimate the median lethal dose/median lethal concentration of phenols. The 7 d-LD50 of oral toxicity experiment of 2-chlorophenol and o-cresol to CWQ were 331 mg·kg-1 and 413 mg·kg-1, respectively. The 48 h-LC50 of 2-chlorophenol, o-cresol and 2,4-dichlorophenol to ACC were 306 mg·L-1, 358 mg·L-1 and 364 mg·L-1, respectively. The 48 h-LD50 of 2,4-dichlorophenol to ACC was 2.6 μg·bee-1. The 2-chlorophenol and o-cresol are moderately toxic chemicals to CWQ in acute oral toxicity test, and 2,4-dichlorophenol is moderately toxic chemical to ACC in acute contact toxicity test. The other chemicals are low toxic chemical to CWQ and ACC. Further more, we discovered that the toxicity of phenols is related to their chemical structure. The toxicity of o-cresol is higher than m-cresol to CWQ and ACC. Similar situation was discovered for other organisms. CWQ and ACC are sensitive to these five phenols and significant dose-effect relationship were also discovered.
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