摘要:
目前，在化学品生态风险评价体系中对爬行动物的毒性效应研究较少。本研究参考鸟类急性经口毒性试验建立了我国本土爬行动物——丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)的急性毒性测试方法，来评价化学品对爬行动物和鸟类的毒性效应之间的差异。选择异氰酸酯、1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-酮、2,4-二氯苯酚、苯并噻唑和二苯甲酮5种化学品分别对丽斑麻蜥进行暴露实验，并与鸟类模式物种——日本鹌鹑(Coturnix japonica)的急性毒性结果进行比较。结果发现异氰酸酯和苯并噻唑对丽斑麻蜥7 d的半数致死剂量(7 d-LD50)分别为125 mg·kg-1和500 mg·kg-1，而对日本鹌鹑的7 d-LD50值分别为27 mg·kg-1和37 mg·kg-1；1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-酮、2,4-二氯苯酚和二苯甲酮对丽斑麻蜥的7 d-LD50值分别为909 mg·kg-1、787 mg·kg-1和528 mg·kg-1，而对日本鹌鹑7 d-LD50值均大于剂量上限1 000 mg·kg-1。结果表明，丽斑麻蜥和日本鹌鹑对相同化学品的毒性敏感性是存在差异的，用鸟类来评价化学品对爬行动物的潜在风险可能不够准确，应该重视化学品对爬行动物的毒性效应研究。同时，以本土爬行动物的代表物种丽斑麻蜥作为化学品环境风险评价的模式生物，对保护我国本土物种及其多样性、维持生态平衡具有重要意义。
Abstract:
Toxicity effects of chemicals have rarely been evaluated in reptiles. In this study, the acute toxicity test method of native reptile–Eremias argus was established in order to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals to reptiles. Eremias argus were exposed to isocyanate, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2,4-dichlorophenol, benzothiazole and diphenylketone respectively in acute oral toxicity test. 7d-LD50 values of lizard were compared with avian model species–Coturnix japonica. According to the results, 7 d-LD50 values of isocyanate and benzothiazole to E. argus were 125 mg·kg-1 and 500 mg·kg-1 while to C. japonica the values were 27 mg·kg-1 and 37 mg·kg-1; 7d-LD50 value of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2,4-dichlorophenol and diphenylketone to E. argus were all greater than 1 000 mg·kg-1 while to C. japonica the values were 909 mg·kg-1, 787 mg·kg-1 and 528 mg·kg-1. The results showed that avian could not be used as surrogate species to reflect the chemical toxicity to reptiles exactly. The toxicity of chemicals to reptiles should be paid more attention. Using native lizard as model animal for reptile ecotoxicology studies will benefit the protection of native reptile species and maintain the ecological balance.
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