| 山地河流水电开发对河岸带植物群落特征的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙 荣,邓伟琼,袁 嘉,李修明.山地河流水电开发对河岸带植物群落特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(6):915-922. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙 荣 邓伟琼 袁 嘉 李修明 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华侨大学化工学院, 福建 厦门 361021 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07307-002)；中央高校基本科研业务费项目(JB-ZR1221)；厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20140057) |
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| 摘 要： | 为充分了解水电开发对山地河流河岸带植物群落特征的影响,于2014年采用植被常规调查方法,在九龙江源头河流地村溪依次设置RS(源头)、PL(皮寮)、HKU和HKD(环坑水坝上游和下游)、GXU和GXD(高厦水坝上游和下游)6个样地,分析其物种多样性、相似性等的变化特征. 结果表明:①水坝建成后,水坝上游和下游流速、水位及河宽存在显著差异(P<0.05). ②沿河流纵向的自由流动河段,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均随与源头距离的增加而增大,分别由0.30±0.24、0.22±0.17增至0.87±0.20、0.38±0.03；Simpson优势度指数随与源头距离的增加而减小,HKU样地Simpson优势度最低,仅为0.20±0.10；受水电开发影响河段,水坝上游样地的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均高于水坝下游样地,而Simpson优势度低于水坝下游样地. ③沿河流横向,河岸带不同断面植物群落多样性都符合中度干扰假说,水坝建设对河流横向物种多样性的影响不显著；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化总体上变化趋势一致,均表现为先升后降. ④相似性分析表明,沿河流纵向,水坝上、下游样地间物种相似性相对较高,不同组样地之间高地物种相似性最高的是HKU-HKD(0.270 3),河岸带物种相似性最高的是RS-PL(0.612 2)；沿河流横向,HKU(0.392 9)、HKD(0.372 5)和GXD(0.348 8)样地的高地-河岸带物种相似性相对较高,GXU(0.173 9)样地的高地-河岸带物种相似性最低,表明水电开发导致水坝下游河岸带植物主要来源于本地种子库而非区域种子库. 结果显示,水电开发是造成河岸带植物群落发生变化的主导因子,导致水坝下游河岸带和高地物种组成趋向同质化,土地利用格局、河岸带及周围的人类干扰同样会影响河岸带植物群落的多样性和相似性.
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| 关 键 词： | 山地河流 水电开发 河岸带植物群落 群落多样性 |
Influence of Hydropower Exploitation on Characteristics of Riparian Plant Communities in Mountain Rivers |
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| SUN Rong,DENG Weiqiong,YUAN Jia and LI Xiuming.Influence of Hydropower Exploitation on Characteristics of Riparian Plant Communities in Mountain Rivers[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(6):915-922. |
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| Authors: | SUN Rong DENG Weiqiong YUAN Jia and LI Xiuming |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Chemical Industry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China2.Landscape Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK |
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| Abstract: | In order to fully understand the impacts of hydropower exploitation on riparian plant community characteristics of mountainous rivers, six sampling sites were selected along the headstream of the Jiulongjiang River-Dicunxi Stream to carry out plant surveys in 2014. The sampling sites were set at the source of the Dicunxi Stream, Piliao, upstream and downstream of both Huankeng Dam and Gaoxia Dam, where species diversity and similarity traits were measured. The results showed significant differences between river width, water level and flow velocity at the upstream and downstream of the dams (P<0.05). Along longitudinal gradients, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou index on the free flow river reach increased as the distance to the source of the stream increased; the former was from 0.30±0.24 and 0.22±0.17 to 0.87±0.20 and 0.38±0.03. The Simpson index decreased with the distance to source, among which the dominance of the upstream of Huankeng Dam was the lowest. The upstream of dams contained higher Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes, higher Pielou indexes, and lower Simpson indexes compared to the downstream of dams. Along the lateral gradient, the diversity index value of riparian plants under different sections changed, which accorded with the “Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis” of ecology. The construction of the dams had no significant effect on the lateral gradient of species diversity. There was a similar trend of first increasing then reducing in the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou index. Similarity analysis showed that the species between upstream and downstream of the dams were highly similar. The downstream of Huankeng Dam and Gaoxia Dam (0.2703) was the highest between highland and the source of river, and Piliao (0.6122) was the highest between riparian zone. Also, the species similarity between the upstream (0.3929) and the downstream (0.3725) of Huankeng Dam, and the highland-riparian zone of downstream of Gaoxia Dam (0.3488) were higher than others, the highland-riparian zone of the upstream of Gaoxia Dam (0.1739) was lowest. It was shown that the riparian vegetation of the downstream originated from the local seed bank rather than the regional one. On the whole, hydropower exploitation was the dominant factor for the changes of riparian plant communities, which led to the homogeneity of species composition between the riparian zone and high land. The land use pattern andhuman activities around the riparian zone also played an important role in the formation of riparian plant community diversity and similarity. |
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| Keywords: | mountain river hydropower exploitation riparian plant communities community diversity |
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