| 蔬菜废弃物和小麦秸秆对堆肥过程中温室气体排放的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐路魏,杨艳,张阿凤,王旭东.蔬菜废弃物和小麦秸秆对堆肥过程中温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1546-1553. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐路魏 杨艳 张阿凤 王旭东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B11)；国家自然科学基金项目(41301305)；杨凌示范区科学技术局科技计划项目(2014SF-02) |
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| 摘 要： | 以蔬菜废弃物和小麦秸秆为原料,设二者体积比分别为1∶1(V1W1)、1∶2(V1W2)、2∶1(V2W1)3个处理,每个处理添加20%(体积比)的鸡粪并混合均匀,进行为期30 d的好氧发酵试验,以对好氧发酵过程中温室气体的排放特征进行研究.结果表明:在整个腐解过程中,V1W2处理堆体的高温阶段温度(68 ℃)最高且高温持续时间(13 d)最长.在堆肥结束时,与堆肥初期相比,V1W1和V1W2处理的w(TN)分别增加了7.44%、10.92%；3个处理的w(TOC)分别降低了12.44%、12.41%、13.44%；在堆肥的前期(1～15 d)w(NH4+-N)增加,中后期NH4+-N向NO3--N转化.V1W1、V1W2和V2W1处理的CO2累计排放量分别为13.21、13.04、15.93 g/kg；CH4的累计排放量分别为215.72、171.83、249.80 mg/kg；N2O的累计排放量分别为56.13、35.62、98.71 mg/kg.V1W2处理的CO2累积排放量比V2W1处理显著降低了18.14%；V1W2处理的CH4累积排放量分别比V1W1和V2W1处理显著降低了20.35%、31.22%；V1W2处理的N2O累积排放量分别比V1W1和V2W1处理显著降低了36.54%、63.91%.研究显示,从腐解过程中碳氮转化和温室气体的排放考虑,蔬菜废弃物和小麦秸秆的配比为1∶2的处理更有利于堆肥保氮保碳和减少温室气体的排放.
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| 关 键 词： | 蔬菜废弃物 小麦秸秆 腐解 温室气体 碳氮转化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/3/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/6/16 0:00:00 |
Effects of Vegetable Waste and Wheat Straw on Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Composting |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China2.Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Greenhouse gas emissions using different proportions of vegetable waste and wheat straw compost were investigated. Vegetable waste and wheat straw at a ratio of 1∶1(V1W1), 1∶2(V1W2) and 2∶1(V2W1) was respectively mixed with 20% chicken manure during 30-days aerobic compost. The highest temperature during the high temperature stage(68 ℃) and extended high-temperature duration(13 d) was observed after V1W2 treatment. At the end of the composting, the total nitrogen content increased by 7.44% and 10.92% under V1W1 and V1W2 treatments as compared to the initial total nitrogen content, respectively. The total carbon content decreased by 12.44%, 12.41% and 13.44% under V1W1, V1W2 and V2W1 treatments as compared to the initial total carbon content, respectively. The process of ammonification was stimulated and enhanced NH4+-N content(first 15 days). The transformation of NH4+-N into NO3--N(nitrification process) increased during the middle and late stages. The cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were 13.21, 13.04, 15.93 g/kg； 215.72, 171.83, 249.80 mg/kg； and 56.13, 35.62, 98.71 mg/kg under V1W1, V1W2 and V2W1 treatments, respectively. The cumulative CO2 emission of the V1W2 treatment significantly decreased by 18.14% as compared with the V1W2 treatment. The CH4 cumulative emission was significantly loweredby 20.35% and 31.22% under V1W1 and V2W1 treatments as compared to V1W1 treatment, respectively. The cumulative N2O emission of V1W2 treatment was significantly reduced by 36.54% and 63.91% as compared with V1W1 and V2W1 treatments, respectively. Considering both carbon and nitrogen transformation and greenhouse gases emissions during the composting, the ratio of 1∶2 vegetable waste to wheat straw would promote carbon and nitrogen conservation and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. |
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