| 密云水库周边小流域大气氮磷沉降特征研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈海涛,王晓燕,黄静宇,黄洁钰,南哲,任佳雪.密云水库周边小流域大气氮磷沉降特征研究[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(6):1419-1431. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈海涛 王晓燕 黄静宇 黄洁钰 南哲 任佳雪 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院，北京 100048 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市自然科学基金委员会-北京市教育委员会联合项目(No.KZ201810028047)；;国家自然科学基金项目(No.41271495)~~； |
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| 摘 要： | 大气沉降是氮磷元素进入水体的重要途径之一，为了解密云水库水源地周边大气氮磷沉降特征，选取土门西沟小流域为研究区域，设置降水、降尘自动采样器进行为期一年(2019年9月—2020年8月)的大气沉降收集，分析大气干、湿沉降中不同形态氮磷通量逐月和季节变化及其影响因素，估算大气氮磷沉降对小流域及密云库区氮磷输入的贡献. 结果表明:①土门西沟小流域大气氮、磷年沉降通量分别为38.393和1.952 kg/(hm2·a)，氮磷干湿沉降通量季节性变化显著. ②湿沉降受气象(降雨量、温度、降雨时间间隔)等因素影响，氮磷沉降通量表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季，温度升高、降雨时间间隔变长均会使氮磷湿沉降浓度增大，而降雨量大小与大气湿沉降通量直接相关. ③干沉降受物质来源及气象等因素影响，氮磷沉降通量呈夏冬季高、春秋季低的特点，其中风向、风速是影响大气氮磷干沉降的重要因子. ④经计算，土门西沟小流域大气氮、磷沉降贡献分别为1 339.90和1.50 kg/a，分别占其氮、磷输出贡献的28.57%和0.39%，若不考虑空间差异性，预计大气沉降直接落入密云水库总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的沉降量分别为551.18和28.02 t. 研究显示，大气沉降是密云库区周边面源污染综合管理的重要一环，未来应引起足够关注.
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| 关 键 词： | 土门西沟 氮磷沉降 影响因素 输出贡献 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-08 |
Dry and Wet Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Small Catchment Around Miyun Reservoir |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China2.Capital Normal Water Environment Research Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China4.Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tianjin Binhai), Tianjin 300450, China |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric deposition is one of the important pathways for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients to enter the aquatic ecosystems. The Tumenxigou catchment was selected as the study area, and atmospheric deposition was collected for one year (September 2019-August 2020) by precipitation and dust automatic sampler to study the atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition characteristics around the water source of Miyun Reservoir. The contribution of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition to nitrogen and phosphorus input in the catchment and Miyun reservoir area was estimated by analyzing the monthly and seasonal variations of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in dry and wet atmospheric deposition and their influencing factors. The results show that: (1) The annual atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition flux in Tumenxigou are 38.393 and 1.952 kg/(hm2·a), with significant seasonal variations. (2) Wet deposition is influenced by meteorological factors, such as: rainfall, temperature, and rainfall interval, etc. The fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus are in the order of summer > spring > autumn > winter. The increase of temperature and longer rainfall interval will increase the wet deposition concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the rainfall is directly related to the flux of atmospheric wet deposition. (3) Dry deposition is influenced by material sources and meteorological factors, and the flux of nitrogen and phosphorus deposition is high in summer and winter and low in spring and autumn, where wind direction and wind speed are important factors affecting the dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus. (4) The contribution of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition in the Tumenxigou catchment was 1 339.90 and 1.50 kg/a, accounting for 28.57% and 0.39% of its nitrogen and phosphorus output contribution. If we ignore the spatial variability, it is estimated that the deposition of total nitrogen and phosphorus into Miyun Reservoir through atmospheric deposition are 551.18 and 28.02 t. The study shows that atmospheric deposition is an essential part of the integrated management of non-point source pollution around Miyun Reservoir and should be given sufficient attention in the future. |
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