| 不同保洁工艺对道路尘负荷与扬尘控制效率差异的影响研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李冬,薛占刚,刘善文,高健,朱健忠,李贤芳,陈建华.不同保洁工艺对道路尘负荷与扬尘控制效率差异的影响研究[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(7):1589-1595. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李冬 薛占刚 刘善文 高健 朱健忠 李贤芳 陈建华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院，环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(No.42075182)；;国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC0214200)； |
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| 摘 要： | 为评估城市道路扬尘治理效果及精准治理道路扬尘，于2020年10月—2021年2月对河南省郑州市城区典型道路的积尘负荷和道路扬尘浓度进行测定，计算了不同类型保洁工艺的扬尘控制效率，分析了典型的湿式保洁工艺实施后的道路扬尘浓度变化. 结果表明:①各种保洁工艺的平均扬尘控制效率受保洁时间、环境温度和相对湿度等因素影响. 实施保洁工艺后1 h内扬尘控制效率平均值为23%～47%，在1～2 h内扬尘控制效率为20%～40%，在2～2.5 h内扬尘控制效率为5%～27%，3 h后路面积尘基本恢复原有水平. 扬尘控制效率与环境温度、相对湿度均呈弱相关. 日气温较高时，会加速路面水分蒸发，进而导致湿式作业的扬尘控制效率较低. ②不同类型保洁工艺控制效率存在差异. 在1 h内混合作业的扬尘控制效率(37%～51%)最高，湿式作业的扬尘控制效率(11%～48%)次之，干式作业的扬尘控制效率(5%～19%)最低，原因在于各类保洁工艺的除尘和抑尘能力不同. ③湿式作业干燥后可有效控制路面积尘和道路扬尘约1 h. 洒水量会影响控尘效果，冬季降低洒水量(防止道路结冰)作业的控制道路扬尘效果较差. 研究显示，道路积尘负荷及扬尘控制效率受保洁工艺、保洁作业时间、环境温度、相对湿度和季节变化等多因素影响，在控制和治理城市道路扬尘时应综合考虑这些因素.
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| 关 键 词： | 道路扬尘 积尘负荷 PM10 控制效率 郑州市 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-20 |
Effect of Various Road Cleaning Measures on Road Dust Silt Loading and Control Efficiency |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Our Land Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 451482, China3.Shandong Nova Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250001, China4.Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to evaluate the effect of road dust control and accurately control road dust, the silt load and road dust concentration on typical roads in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province were measured from October 2020 to February 2021. The dust control efficiency of various cleaning measures were calculated, and the variation of road dust concentration after a typical wet cleaning measure was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Cleaning time, ambient temperature, relative humidity and some other factors all have an impact on the average control efficiency. The average control efficiency is approximately 23%-47% within 1 h, 20%-40% within 1-2 h, 5%-27% within 2-2.5 h, and the dust on the road surface returns to its original level after three hours. The control efficiency has a weak correlation with ambient temperature and relative humidity. When the daily air temperature rises, the evaporation of moisture on the road surface accelerates, resulting in a reduction in control efficiency. (2) The control efficiency varies with different types of cleaning measures. The mixed cleaning measures were the most efficient (37%-51%), followed by wet cleaning measures (11%-48%) and dry cleaning measures (5%-19%). The reason behind this is that different cleaning measures have variable dust removal and dust suppression capacities. (3) Wet cleaning measures can effectively control road dust for approximately 1 h after drying. The amount of sprayed water has an effect on dust control, because reducing the amount of sprayed water in winter (prevent road icing) reduces the control efficiency. The research results reveal that road dust loading and dust control efficiency are affected by cleaning measures, cleaning time, ambient temperature, relative humidity and seasonal changes, and these factors should be comprehensively considered in the control and management of urban road dust. |
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