| 香溪河大型底栖动物24 h漂流规律研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 杜颖,张宇航,朱翔,张敏,杨国范,渠晓东.香溪河大型底栖动物24 h漂流规律研究[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(4):601-608. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杜颖 张宇航 朱翔 张敏 杨国范 渠晓东 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京 100044;沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京 100044;曲阜师范大学地理与旅游学院,山东 日照 276826;中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京,100044;沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁 沈阳,110866 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（No.41671048） |
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| 摘 要： | 漂流行为是大型底栖动物适应河流水文过程的重要生物行为，也是研究河流底栖动物时空分布过程的重要依据，研究底栖动物的漂流规律对了解河流生态系统纵向格局的形成过程和演变机制具有重要意义.2017年8月选择湖北省香溪河的2条支流（九冲河与高岚河）研究大型底栖动物的漂流种类、昼夜节律和功能摄食类群构成.结果表明:①九冲河与高岚河漂流底栖动物均以蜉蝣目（Ephemeroptera）占绝对优势，相对丰度分别为76.9%、96.1%.九冲河的漂流物种数（35种）远高于高岚河（14种）.②优势物种分析表明，九冲河的优势物种为高翔蜉（Epeorus sp.）、弯握蜉（Drunella sp.）、四节蜉（Baetis sp.）、花翅蜉（Baetiella sp.）、扁蚴蜉（Ecdyonurus sp.）、沼石蛾（Limnophilidae sp.）、等翅石蛾（Philopotamidae sp.）和蚋（Simulium sp.），高岚河的优势物种为花翅蜉和高翔蜉.③2条河流大型底栖动物的漂流均为显著的夜漂流类型，且漂流高峰期均出现在06:00.九冲河的夜漂者以襀翅目（Plecoptera）为主，高岚河以蜉蝣目为主.不同物种漂流的昼夜节律不同，高翔蜉、弯握蜉、扁蚴蜉、沼石蛾、等翅石蛾和蚋的第1个漂流密度高峰期均出现在20:00-22:00；四节蜉的第1个漂流密度高峰期出现在04:00-06:00；而花翅蜉的第1个漂流密度高峰期在九冲河出现的时间为04:00-06:00，在高岚河为02:00-04:00.④昼夜间漂流底栖动物的功能摄食类群和生活类型群落组成也有一定差异，但总体来看，漂流者的功能摄食类群均以收集者为主，以游泳生活者占主要优势.研究显示，九冲河与高岚河底栖动物的漂流节律表现出明显的差异性，其人为活动强度的差异是造成漂流规律差异的主要原因.
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| 关 键 词： | 香溪河 大型底栖动物 漂流行为 漂流节律 漂流密度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/4/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/7/17 0:00:00 |
Daily Drift Behavior of Macroinvertebrate in the Xiangxi River |
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| DU Ying,ZHANG Yuhang,ZHU Xiang,ZHANG Min,YANG Guofan and QU Xiaodong.Daily Drift Behavior of Macroinvertebrate in the Xiangxi River[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(4):601-608. |
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| Authors: | DU Ying ZHANG Yuhang ZHU Xiang ZHANG Min YANG Guofan and QU Xiaodong |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Water Environment Institute, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044, China2.College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China3.College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China |
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| Abstract: | Drift behavior is an important biological adaption of macroinvertebrates in the lotic ecosystems driven by the hydrological process. The drift behavior plays a key role in the studies of spatial and temporal distribution of macroinvertebrates in streams. It is of great significance for understanding the formation process and evolution mechanism of the vertical pattern of river ecosystems. In order to identify the community structure of the drift macroinvertebrates, reveal the drift behavior rhythms, and compare their functional feeding groups, the drift macroinvertebrates were sampled and studied from two tributaries of the Xiangxi River (Jiuchong River and Gaolan River) in August 2017. The results show that Ephemeroptera was the dominant taxa with relative abundance of 76.9% and 96.1% in the Jiuchong River and Gaolan River, respectively. The taxa richness of the drift macroinvertebrates was much higher in the Jiuchong River (35 species) than the Gaolan River (14 species). The dominant species taxa were Epeorus sp., Drunella sp., Baetis sp., Baetiella sp., Ecdyonurus sp., Limnophilidae sp., Philopotamidae sp. and Simulium sp. in the Jiuchong River. And the dominant taxa were Baetiella sp. and Epeorus sp. in the Gaolan River. The nocturnal drifting pattern was identified and the highest density of drift macroinvertibrates appeared at 06:00 in those two rivers. The primary nocturnal drifter was taxa of Plecoptera in the Jiuchong River and taxa of Ephemeroptera in the Gaolan River. In comparing with the drift behavior of different taxa, the drift patterns were more species-specific. Five taxa showed similar drift behavior and the highest density appeared between 20:00 and 22:00, including Epeorus sp., Drunella sp., Ecdyonurus sp., Limnophilidae sp., Philopotamidae sp. and Simulium sp. The highest density of Baetis sp. appeared between 04:00 and 06:00. The highest density of Baetiella sp. appeared between 04:00 and 06:00 in the Jiuchong River, and between 02:00 and 04:00 in the Gaolan River. The composition of Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs) and Habit Traits Groups (HTGs) variated between the day time and night time. However, collector-gatherers and swimmers dominated the FFGs and HTGs. Our studies show that human disturbance plays an important role in structure the drift behaviors and rhythms between the Jiuchong River and Gaolan River. |
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| Keywords: | Xiangxi River macroinvertebrate drift behavior dtift rhythm drifting density |
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