| 国外恶臭污染管理办法对我国管理体系构建的启示 |
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| 引用本文： | 王亘,孟洁,商细彬,杨伟华,翟友存.国外恶臭污染管理办法对我国管理体系构建的启示[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(8):1337-1345. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王亘 孟洁 商细彬 杨伟华 翟友存 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.天津市环境保护科学研究院, 国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室, 天津 300191 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家环境标准制修订项目（No.497.14） |
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| 摘 要： | GB 14554-1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》是当前我国控制恶臭污染的主要手段，该标准的制定虽然在一定程度上减少了恶臭污染造成的不利影响，但随着投诉情况的逐年增加，已无法满足当前复杂严重污染形势的需要.为了全面系统地控制恶臭污染、提高恶臭污染管理工作能力、改善整体恶臭污染形势，需要掌握我国恶臭污染情况，并借鉴国外管理经验建立我国的恶臭污染管理体系.从法律法规、控制标准和评价方法3个方面，深入研究公害法、无组织源排放标准、有组织源排放标准和技术标准、安全防护距离、气味强度范围、气味指数、投诉标准和综合因素评价法等10种国外常用的恶臭污染管理方法，分析我国恶臭污染情况和恶臭污染管理现状，并结合国内外对比分析结果指出我国恶臭污染管理存在的问题.结果表明，我国恶臭污染管理存在起步晚、法规标准体系不完善、环境监管手段缺乏、恶臭污染防治系统缺失以及公共宣传、教育不到位等问题.建议将恶臭污染防治与管理纳入相关法律法规，完善法规体系；筛选、开发有效的检测技术，建立科学的标准化监测技术体系，提升监管能力；构建科学、合理的恶臭污染评价体系，形成企业积极采取措施开展控制技术升级改造的良性循环；加强与受控方、高校等科研单位和机构的交流合作，提高制订政策的有效性和执行性；加大公共宣传和教育力度，推动恶臭污染知识普及和建立民众监督机制.
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| 关 键 词： | 恶臭污染 排放标准 恶臭污染管理方法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/7/27 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/5/2 0:00:00 |
The Enlightenment of Foreign Odor Management Approaches for Its Establishment in China |
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| WANG Gen,MENG Jie,SHANG Xibin,YANG Weihua and ZHAI Youcun.The Enlightenment of Foreign Odor Management Approaches for Its Establishment in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(8):1337-1345. |
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| Authors: | WANG Gen MENG Jie SHANG Xibin YANG Weihua and ZHAI Youcun |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science, Tianjin 300191, China2.Tianjin Sinodour Environmental Protection Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300191, China |
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| Abstract: | The Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants (GB 14554-1993) was the main way to control pollution. To some extent, it could reduce the negative influence to environment, but it is not able to meet the needs of the current complex and serious pollution situation with the complaints increased year by year. In order to control the odor pollution comprehensively and systematically, enhance the ability of odor pollution management and improve the overall situation, the research was carried out through laws and regulations, control standards and evaluation methods. We deeply studied the 10 common odor management approaches, analyzed the condition of odor pollution and situation of management in China, and pointed out the problems of odor pollution management combining domestic and foreign comparative analysis results, respectively. The results showed that there were some problems exited in China including imperfect management system, lack of means of environmental supervision, shortage of odor pollution prevention system and other auxiliary policies and so on. Based on these, we put forward the following suggestions:(1) Incorporating stench pollution prevention and management into relevant laws and regulations; (2) Developing effective detection technologies and establish a scientific standardization monitoring technology system; (3) Building a scientific and reasonable odor pollution assessment system and form a virtuous circle in which companies actively take measures to upgrade control technique; (4) Strengthening exchanges and cooperation with scientific research units and improve the effectiveness and implementation of policy formulation; (5) Increasing public education and education and promote the spread of odor pollution knowledge and establish a public supervision mechanism. |
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| Keywords: | odor pollution emission standard odor pollution management |
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