| 多溴联苯醚及其衍生物在土壤中的分布、转化和生物效应研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 王国庆,许学慧,李跃进.多溴联苯醚及其衍生物在土壤中的分布、转化和生物效应研究进展[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(3):755-765. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王国庆 许学慧 李跃进 |
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| 作者单位： | 内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（No.21707073）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金博士基金项目（No.2017BS0207）；内蒙古农业大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目（No.NDYB2016-07） |
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| 摘 要： | 多溴联苯醚（polybrominated diphenyl ethers，PBDEs）作为一种良好的溴系阻燃剂被大量地添加到工业产品中，随着产品的使用、回收和废弃处理会进入各种环境介质中，是一类分布十分广泛的持久性有机污染物.PBDEs的衍生物羟基化多溴联苯醚（hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers，OH-PBDEs）和甲氧基化多溴联苯醚（methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers，MeO-PBDEs），由于具有比母体化合物更大的毒性效应和更复杂的环境行为也受到人们广泛关注.通过对PBDEs及其衍生物在土壤中的分布特征、转化规律及生物效应研究的最新进展进行综述发现，PBDEs在土壤中的分布浓度随离工业区距离增加而减小，且大多数污染地区土壤中以高溴代PBDEs为主，偏远地区土壤中则以低溴代PBDEs为主.进入土壤的PBDEs在动物、植物体内及微生物作用下均可发生脱溴代谢转化产生低溴代PBDEs，也可发生羟基化生成OH-PBDEs和甲氧基化生成MeO-PBDEs，与此同时，OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs之间也会发生相互转化.PBDEs及其衍生物作为一种环境内分泌的干扰物对大部分的植物、动物都有显著的毒性效应，对植物而言能够抑制植物种子萌发、幼苗生长、损伤细胞结构以及影响植物代谢活动等；对动物而言能够影响动物的内分泌功能、妨碍动物生殖系统的发育以及对神经系统产生毒性等.目前，关于PBDEs及其衍生物在土壤生态系统中环境化学行为和生态毒性的报道十分有限，探讨土壤中PBDEs的代谢转化过程和毒性效应可为全面深刻地认识PBDEs的环境行为和潜在生态风险提供科学参考.
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| 关 键 词： | 多溴联苯醚(PBDEs) 土壤 分布 转化 生物效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/3/10 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/8/13 0:00:00 |
Distribution, Transformation and Biological Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Their Derivatives in Soil: a Review |
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| WANG Guoqing,XU Xuehui,LI Yuejin.Distribution, Transformation and Biological Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Their Derivatives in Soil: a Review[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2021,34(3):755-765. |
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| Authors: | WANG Guoqing XU Xuehui LI Yuejin |
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| Affiliation: | Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China |
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| Abstract: | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a specific group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), have been widely used in an array of industrial appliances and released into environment during use, recycling and disposal processes. They are now considered to be widely distributed persistent organic pollutants. The derivatives of PBDEs hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have also received extensive attention because of their more toxic effects and complex environmental behavior than the parent compounds. The recent research progress on the distribution, transformation and biological effects of PBDEs and their derivatives in soil was reviewed. The results showed that the distribution concentration of PBDEs in soil decreased with increasing distance from the industrial area. In most contaminated areas, high-brominated PBDEs were detected as the primary pollutants in soil, while low-brominated PBDEs dominated in the soil in remote areas. PBDEs could be brominated, hydroxylated and methoxylated to produce lower brominated PBDEs congeners, OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs by animals, plants and microorganisms when they entered the soil environment. At the same times, OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs could also be transformed into each other. As an environmental endocrine disruptor, PBDEs and their derivatives had significant toxic effects on most plants and animals. For plants, they could inhibit seed germination, seedling growth, damage cell structure, and affect plant metabolism. For animals, they could affect their endocrine function, inhibit the development of their reproductive system, and cause toxicity to the nervous system. Up to now, research on the environmental chemistry behavior and ecological toxicity of PBDEs and their derivatives in soil ecosystem was very limited. The study on metabolic transformation and toxic effect of PBDEs in soil will provide scientific evidence for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior and potential ecological risks of PBDEs. |
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| Keywords: | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) soil distribution transformation biological effects |
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