| 沈阳市郊区环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染特征与来源分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王楚涵,张鑫,吴鸣,高健,高锐,毕方,毋振海,赵帝,惠宇,柴发合,李红.沈阳市郊区环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染特征与来源分析[J].环境科学研究,2020,33(12):2771-2784. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王楚涵 张鑫 吴鸣 高健 高锐 毕方 毋振海 赵帝 惠宇 柴发合 李红 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.汕头大学土木与环境工程系, 广东 汕头 515000 |
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| 基金项目： | 沈阳市生态环境局资助项目“沈阳市臭氧来源解析”（No.CG18-01-0244） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究沈阳市郊区环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染特征，于2017年8月24日—9月2日采用2，4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法对沈阳市郊区醛酮类化合物进行观测分析，利用美国环境保护局推荐的人体健康风险评价方法对部分有毒有害醛酮类化合物的人体健康风险进行了评价，并利用比值法对醛酮类化合物的来源进行了初步分析.结果表明:醛酮类化合物质量浓度日均值范围为23.16~38.38 μg/m3；质量浓度最高的4种醛酮类化合物依次是丙酮、甲醛、正丁醛和乙醛，其质量浓度日均值的平均值分别为8.71、5.90、5.48和2.95 μg/m3.对·OH消耗速率(LOH)贡献较大的醛酮类化合物物种是正丁醛、甲醛和乙醛，臭氧生成潜势贡献(OFP)较大的醛酮类化合物物种是甲醛、正丁醛和乙醛，在研究区影响醛酮类化合物光化学反应活性的物种主要是甲醛、乙醛和正丁醛.研究区观测期间，环境空气中甲醛和乙醛的致癌性风险值分别为1.18×10-5和5.91×10-6，对暴露人群存在潜在的致癌风险；乙醛的非致癌风险值为0.05，对暴露人群不存在非致癌风险.在研究区的一次臭氧轻度污染过程期间，环境空气中的甲醛和乙醛受天然源排放的挥发性有机物二次转化的影响减弱，甲醛、乙醛和丙酮受到炼焦工业和机动车等人为源排放的影响增强，而正丁醛主要受当地精细化工产业排放的影响.研究显示，沈阳市应加大对炼焦工业、精细化工和机动车来源排放醛酮类化合物的管制，以降低环境空气中活性醛酮类化合物及有毒有害醛酮类化合物的浓度.
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| 关 键 词： | 醛酮类化合物 污染特征 人体健康风险 污染防控 沈阳市 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/1/6 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/3/23 0:00:00 |
Pollution Characterization and Source Analyses of Carbonyls in the Ambient Air in a Suburban Area of Shenyang |
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| WANG Chuhan,ZHANG Xin,WU Ming,GAO Jian,GAO Rui,BI Fang,WU Zhenhai,ZHAO Di,HUI Yu,CHAI Fahe,LI Hong.Pollution Characterization and Source Analyses of Carbonyls in the Ambient Air in a Suburban Area of Shenyang[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(12):2771-2784. |
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| Authors: | WANG Chuhan ZHANG Xin WU Ming GAO Jian GAO Rui BI Fang WU Zhenhai ZHAO Di HUI Yu CHAI Fahe LI Hong |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China3.Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China4.College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China5.Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang 110167, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of carbonyls in the ambient air in the suburbs of Shenyang, the mass concentrations of carbonyls from August 24th to September 2nd, 2017 were measured by using 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solid-phase adsorption/high performance liquid chromatography. Human health risks of some toxic carbonyls to the exposed populations were evaluated by applying the human health risk assessment method recommended by the US EPA, and the preliminary sources analyse of carbonyls were carried out by ratio method. The results showed that the daily mean values of ρ(carbonyls) ranged from 23.16 to 38.38 μg/m3, and the most abundant species of carbonyls was acetone (average at 8.71 μg/m3), followed by formaldehyde (average at 5.90 μg/m3), n-butyraldehyde (average at 5.48 μg/m3), and acetaldehyde (average at 2.95 μg/m3). The OH radical consumption rates (LOH) of carbonyls were mainly affected by n-butyraldehyde, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde, whereas ozone formation potentials (OFP) of carbonyls were mainly influenced by formaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, and acetaldehyde. Therefore, the key species of carbonyls that contributed to the atmospheric photochemical activity of carbonyls were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and n-butyraldehyde in the study area during the observation period. The carcinogenic risk values of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were 1.18×10-5 and 5.91×10-6, respectively, in the study area during the observation period, which means that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde could pose a potential carcinogenic risk to the exposed population; the noncarcinogenic risk value of acetaldehyde was 0.05 in the study area during the observation period, indicating that acetaldehyde had no noncarcinogenic risk to the exposed population. During the slight ozone pollution process, the influence of the secondary formation from BVOCs emitted by biogenic sources of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde declined and the anthropogenic contribution from coking industry and vehicular emissions to formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone increased, whereas n-butyraldehyde was mainly affected by the emission of the local fine chemical industry. The control of carbonyls emission from the coking industry, fine chemical industry and motor vehicles should be further strengthened in Shenyang to reduce the concentrations of active and toxic carbonyls in the ambient air. |
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| Keywords: | carbonyls pollution characteristics human health risks pollution prevention and control Shenyang |
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