| 松花江流域氮时空分布特征及源解析研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 叶匡旻,孟凡生,张铃松,姚志鹏,薛浩,程佩瑄,张道萍.松花江流域氮时空分布特征及源解析研究[J].环境科学研究,2020,33(4):901-910. |
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| 作者姓名： | 叶匡旻 孟凡生 张铃松 姚志鹏 薛浩 程佩瑄 张道萍 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理重大科技专项（No.2017ZX07302-002） |
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| 摘 要： | 松花江流域是我国氮污染较为严重的流域之一，为了研究松花江流域氮时空变化特征和主要来源，结合松花江流域2003-2018年国控断面NH4+-N、TN及相关指标的监测数据和典型断面采样检测数据，采用季节性Kendall检验法分析了松花江流域ρ（NH4+-N）、ρ（TN）和ρ（CODMn）的历史变化趋势，利用Origin 8.0软件绘制了ρ（NH4+-N）、ρ（TN）和ρ（CODMn）的沿程分布图及水期规律图，并采用氮氧稳定同位素技术解析了水体中氮的主要来源.结果表明:①松花江流域城市污染排放对水体氮浓度具有较大影响，城市下游断面氮浓度远高于城市上游断面，并且松花江流域支流氮浓度高于干流.②时间维度上，松花江流域水体中不同水文期ρ（NH4+-N）和ρ（TN）变化规律为枯水期>平水期>丰水期，ρ（CODMn）变化规律为枯水期 < 平水期 < 丰水期.③季节性Kendall检验法分析结果显示，松花江流域90.0%的断面ρ（NH4+-N）呈下降趋势，62.5%的断面ρ（TN）呈上升趋势，且上升趋势断面主要集中在支流伊通河、阿什河上.④13个典型采样断面δ15N-NO3（硝酸盐氮同位素）和δ18O-NO3（硝酸盐氧同位素）值域范围分别为1.52‰~11.15‰、-13.82‰~1.32‰，水体氮主要来源于含氮肥料、土壤侵蚀造成的有机氮输入以及人畜排泄物和城市生活污水输入.研究显示，近15年来松花江流域干流水体氮污染情况呈好转趋势，但重要支流水体氮污染仍严重，城市污染排放是流域水体氮污染的重要影响因素之一，需要加强对城市生活污水及化肥和粪肥等农业面源输入的管控.
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| 关 键 词： | 松花江 NH4+-N TN 同位素 源解析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/7/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/2/2 0:00:00 |
Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics and Source Analysis of Nitrogen Pollution in the Songhua River Basin |
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| YE Kuangmin,MENG Fansheng,ZHANG Lingsong,YAO Zhipeng,XUE Hao,CHENG Peixuan,ZHANG Daoping.Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics and Source Analysis of Nitrogen Pollution in the Songhua River Basin[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(4):901-910. |
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| Authors: | YE Kuangmin MENG Fansheng ZHANG Lingsong YAO Zhipeng XUE Hao CHENG Peixuan ZHANG Daoping |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Chinese Reasearch Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | The Songhua River Basin is one of the most nitrogen polluted river basins in China. It is important to understand the change and main sources of nitrogen in the Songhua River Basin. In order to study the spatial-temporal variation characteristics and main sources of NH4+-N, TN and NO3--N in the Songhua River Basin, this study collected the national monitoring data of NH4+-N, TN and CODMn from 2003 to 2018 and the scene sampling data in the Songhua River Basin. The seasonal Kendall test was used for analysis of the ρ(NH4+-N)、ρ(TN) and ρ(CODMn) historical trend from 2003 to 2018, and their spatial distribution and temporal change was drawn by the Origin software. The nitrogen and oxygen isotopes were used to study the origins of nitrogen pollution. Based on the overall analysis of the above-mentioned historical and sample monitoring data, the results were obtained as follows:(1) The cities of Songhua River Basin has great influence on the nitrogen concentration of the water, and the nitrogen concentration at the downstream sites of the city was much higher than that of the upstream sites. Besides, the nitrogen concentration was higher in the tributaries of the Songhua River Basin than that in the main stream of Songhua River Basin. (2) In the time dimension, the concentration of ρ(NH4+-N) and ρ(TN) were higher in the dry season than those in the wet season, while the ρ(CODMn) concentration was higher in the wet season. (3) Seasonal Kendall test analysis determined reduced ρ(NH4+-N) concentration at 90.0% sites from 2003 to 2018, while increasing ρ(TN) concentration trend was observed at 62.5% sites, which mainly occurred in the Yitong River and the Ashi River. (4) The nitrogen source analysis was carried out at 13 typical sampling sites using δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 isotope method and the range of 15N and 18O content were from 1.52‰ to 11.15‰ and from -13.82‰ to 1.32‰ respectively. The main sources of nitrate in the water were nitrogenous fertilizer, soil erosion organic nitrogen input, human and animal manure and municipal sewage. The research showed that the nitrogen pollution decreased in the main stream in the past 15 years, but the nitrogen pollution in the key tributaries became more and more serious. Urban pollution discharge was an important influencing factor for nitrogen pollution. It is necessary to further strengthen the control of major sources of nitrogen pollution, such as municipal sewage and agricultural non-point sources including fertilizers, manure and etc. |
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| Keywords: | Songhua River ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) total nitrogen (TN) isotope source analysis |
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