| 汉江下游河流型水华暴发的多影响要素特征识别 |
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| 引用本文： | 夏瑞,张远,王璐,张永勇,窦明,乔云峰,张孟衡.汉江下游河流型水华暴发的多影响要素特征识别[J].环境科学研究,2020,33(4):911-920. |
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| 作者姓名： | 夏瑞 张远 王璐 张永勇 窦明 乔云峰 张孟衡 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | “美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程”专项资助项目（No.XDA23040500）；国家自然科学基金项目（No.51879252）；国家重点研发计划项目（No.2019YFC0408900） |
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| 摘 要： | 水体富营养化通常发生于湖泊和水库等闭合水域，在大型流动性河流中通常较少发生.然而，随着近年来人类活动的干扰，汉江中下游水华事件频繁暴发，给沿岸居民的饮用水安全带来了严重隐患.科学辨识可能导致汉江下游水华暴发的多要素变化特征，是揭示河流水华成因和优化上游水利工程调度的重要依据.基于收集的汉江流域下游气象、水文、水环境和水生态长序列数据，系统检测了可能导致汉江河流型水华暴发的多要素特征和不同时期的变化差异.结果表明:①汉江中下游降雨量（1961-2015年）下降、气温（1961-2012年）显著上升，汉江流域近50年气候逐渐呈现暖干的变化趋势.②1992-2013年汉江中下游径流变化呈显著下降趋势，在水华严重暴发的2008-2011年，汉江干流中下游主要断面年均流量和水位均处于历史上相对较低的一段时期.③2004-2014年汉江下游主要水环境指标变化趋势不显著，但总体水质状况较差，水华年ρ（CODMn）和ρ（TP）明显高于非水华年.④汉江水华暴发季节时间自2008年后有明显前移趋势，每年春季的2月中下旬-3月中旬将是水华暴发的重点防控时段.研究显示，汉江下游藻密度的变化相对于营养盐和水文情势要素更加敏感，在不同水华暴发时期的差异也最为显著，是导致河流型水华暴发的主要驱动因素.
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| 关 键 词： | 河流水华 多影响要素 特征识别 汉江 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/3/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/7/3 0:00:00 |
Characteristics Identification of Multiple Influencing Factors on Hanjiang River Algal Bloom |
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| XIA Rui,ZHANG Yuan,WANG Lu,ZHANG Yongyong,DOU Ming,QIAO Yunfeng,ZHANG Mengheng.Characteristics Identification of Multiple Influencing Factors on Hanjiang River Algal Bloom[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(4):911-920. |
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| Authors: | XIA Rui ZHANG Yuan WANG Lu ZHANG Yongyong DOU Ming QIAO Yunfeng ZHANG Mengheng |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China3.Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China |
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| Abstract: | Eutrophication usually occurs in closed water body such as lakes and reservoirs, and it is rarely seen in large river systems. However, due to the disturbance of strong human activities, algal blooms occurred frequently in the downstream of the Hanjiang River in recent years in China, as well as causing serious potential dangers to the drinking water safety of coastal residents. Scientific identification of the main driving factors that lead to the algal blooms in the lower Hanjiang River, will be an important basis for revealing the causes of the river blooms and optimizing upstream water conservancy scheduling. Based on the long sequence data of meteorological, hydrological, water quality and ecological, this study carries out feature detection of the main influencing factors that may lead to algal blooms in rivers. The results show that:(1) The average annual rainfall (1961-2015) in the mid-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River decreased and the temperature (1961-2012) has risen significantly. The climate has gradually shown a trend of warm and dry changes in the past 50 years. (2) The runoff process has dropped significantly in 1992-2013. During the period of 2008-2011 when the algal blooms were severe, the annual flow and water level of the Hanjiang River and the Yangtze River were at historically low levels. (3) During 2004-2014, the changes of the main water environment indicators were not significant, but the overall water quality was poor, and the nitrogen and silicon nutrient salts in the water were abundant. The ρ(CODMn) and ρ(TP) in algal bloom year were significantly higher than those in non-algal bloom year. (4) Since the most serious bloom incident in 2008, there has been a significant trend of forward shift in the season time of the algal bloom. The middle and late February to early March of each spring will be the key period for preventing and controlling the Hanjiang River algal blooms. The results of this study indicated that the variation of algae blooms are relatively sensitive to the total phosphorus nutrient and hydrological factors, which are the main driving factors that lead to the algal blooms in large river systems. |
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| Keywords: | river algal bloom multiple impact factors characteristics identification Hanjiang River |
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