| 尿液收集储存过程中的性质变化及其资源化利用 |
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| 引用本文： | 田时雨,蒯兴宇,黄涛,毛云峰,张岳清,吴德礼.尿液收集储存过程中的性质变化及其资源化利用[J].环境工程,2021,39(2):66-72. |
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| 作者姓名： | 田时雨 蒯兴宇 黄涛 毛云峰 张岳清 吴德礼 |
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| 作者单位： | 同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092;江苏华虹新能源有限公司,江苏常州213175;同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092;上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划"农村厕所粪便高效资源化处理关键技术与示范"（2018YFC1903202）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 尿液收集和储存过程中，其营养元素的变化会受到多种环境因素和生物活动的影响，基于源分离厕所理念，模拟尿液收集过程，检测了新鲜尿液收储过程中的性质变化，测定了实验过程中3批次新鲜尿液以及1份经密封储存>60 d的陈尿的各项关键指标。结果表明:不同尿液性质不同，陈尿ρ（TN）为7.6 g/L，ρ（TP）为286 mg/L。实验用新鲜尿液的ρ（TN）较低，为5~7 g/L，而ρ（TP）为371~843 mg/L。尿液稀释储存不会抑制尿液的水解，但在高稀释因子下，具有加快尿液水解的趋势；温度对于尿液的水解影响非常大，35 ℃时极大加快了尿液的水解，4 ℃储存能够在30 d内抑制尿液的水解；敞口与封口不会影响尿液的水解速率，但是敞口储存30 d，尿液的TN挥发损失>75%。模拟家庭式源分离厕所30 d的收储过程，发现在30 d的收储期结束后，尿液的水解程度达到82%。结合中国农村厕所革命与源分离尿液资源化相关技术，提出了源分离尿液的资源化过程应结合尿液性质、中国地域特点、利用目的等因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 尿液 源分离 水解 储存 资源化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-01-21 |
THE PROPERTY OF URINE IN COLLECTION AND STORAGE PROCESS FOR RESOURCE UTILIZATION OF URINE |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Jiangsu Huahong New Energy Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213175, China;3. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China |
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| Abstract: | Urine resource utilization is an important direction in the technology related to the rural toilet revolution. Because urine is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, its efficient use becoming a research hot topic. The changes of nutrient elements during urine collection and storage will be affected by a variety of environmental factors and biological activities. Based on the concept of source separated toilet, this research simulated the urine collection process, detected the changes of urine properties during collection and storage process, and measured the key indicators of three batches of fresh urine and one piece of the aged urine sealed for more than 60 days used in this experiment. Different urine had different constituent. In aged urine the ρ(TN) and ρ(TP) were 7.6 g/L and 286 mg/L respectively. The ρ(TN) and ρ(TP) of the fresh urine used in this experiment were lower than the aged urine's and were 5~7 g/L and 371~843 mg/L respectively. Dilution could not inhibit urine hydrolysis, but under high dilution factors, it had a tendency to accelerate urine hydrolysis. Temperature had a great effect on urine hydrolysis. Storage at 35℃ greatly accelerated the hydrolysis of urine. Storage at 4℃ could inhibit the hydrolysis of urine within 30 days; open and seal would not affect the hydrolysis rate of urine, but open storage for 30 days, TN content lost by more than 75% due to volatilization. The 30 days' collection and storage process of the home-type source separation toilet was simulated. It was found that after the 30 days' collection and storage period, the urine hydrolysis rate reached 82%. Combining China's rural toilet revolution with related technologies of source separated urine, we proposed that urine recycling should be combined with the characteristics of urine, regional characteristic of China and the purpose of utilization. The study could provide basic parameters and design references for the urine resource utilization of source-separated toilets. |
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