| 病原微生物基准对再生水检测的指导意义 |
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| 引用本文： | 史亮亮,陆韻,陈梦豪,刘刚.病原微生物基准对再生水检测的指导意义[J].环境工程,2021,39(3):22-28. |
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| 作者姓名： | 史亮亮 陆韻 陈梦豪 刘刚 |
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| 作者单位： | 清华大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,北京100084 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发项目（2018YFC0406300，2016YFC0401405）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 精确高效地定量检测再生水中病原微生物含量对于保障水资源安全循环利用有重要意义。基于微生物定量风险评价（QMRA）方法，以年感染风险10-4作为公众最大可容忍风险，计算了我国再生水中4种常见病原微生物在4种主要使用用途下的基准浓度。然后，讨论了培养法和分子生物学法2种检测方法中对取样体积的科学要求，提出了基于水质健康基准的最小采样体积，即"基准检测体积"的新概念，发现大部分已有研究中病原微生物的实测水样体积都远小于基准检测体积。因此，对于某些低丰度的病原微生物，由于检测体积受限问题，病原微生物在处理后的再生水中检测为阴性，并不能说明再生水符合安全需求。在这种情况下，应合理利用处理工艺去除率的间接检测手段来控制病原微生物的健康风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 再生水 病原微生物 基准 基准检测体积 健康风险 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-29 |
GUIDING SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL BENCHMARK IN RECLAIMED WATER DETECTION |
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| Affiliation: | State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Safety Control, School of Environmental Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | Accurate and efficient quantitative detection of pathogenic microorganism in reclaimed water is of great significance to ensure the safe recycling of water resources. Based on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) method, taking the annual infection risk of 10-4 as the maximum tolerable risk of the public, the benchmark concentration of 4 common pathogenic microorganisms in reclaimed water under 4 main applications were calculated. Then, the scientific requirements of sampling volume in culture method and molecular biology method were discussed, and a new concept of minimum sampling volume based on water quality health standard, named benchmark detection volume, was put forward. It was found that the measured water sample volume of pathogenic microorganisms in most existing studies was much smaller than the standard detection volume. This result indicated that for some pathogenic microorganisms with low abundance, due to the limited detection volume, the negative detection of pathogenic microorganisms in the treated reclaimed water didn't mean that the reclaimed water met the safety requirements. In this case, indirect detection of the removal rate of the treatment process should be used rationally to control the health risks of pathogenic microorganisms. |
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