| 澜沧江小湾水坝运行前后大型底栖动物群落及水质评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 李晋鹏,彭明春,董世魁,李春青,王丽珍.澜沧江小湾水坝运行前后大型底栖动物群落及水质评价[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(11):1900-1908. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李晋鹏 彭明春 董世魁 李春青 王丽珍 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.交通运输部水运科学研究所, 北京 100088 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（No.51509116）；国家重点研发计划项目（No.2016YFC0503601） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究大型河流建坝前后大型底栖动物群落动态及水生态系统的变化情况，选取澜沧江中游小湾水坝库区及下游河段为研究区，结合流域梯级水坝建设规划，分别于2008年、2010年、2011年和2016年开展大型底栖动物定点采样调查，分析水坝运行前后大型底栖动物群落物种组成、密度、生物量、功能摄食群的变化，并开展水质评价和库区总生物量分析.结果表明:大型底栖动物群落优势种由适应自然河流急流生境的昆虫纲蜉蝣目、襀翅目和毛翅目（EPT种类）演变为适应水库静水环境的双翅目摇蚊科和寡毛纲种类；密度和生物量与蓄水前相比显著降低，表现为坝前静水区低于上游过渡区的分布格局；功能摄食群由掠食者种类占优势演变为收集者占优势；基于Goodnight-Whitley指数的水质评价结果表明，库区水质相比蓄水前有逐渐变差的趋势，坝前静水区与过渡区相比水质相对较差；库区大型底栖动物总生物量显著低于蓄水前自然河流时期.研究显示，由于澜沧江小湾水坝蓄水后生境条件的变化，库区大型底栖动物群落及其分布格局发生了明显变化，同时受澜沧江上游河段梯级开发的影响，库区大型底栖动物群落还处于动态变化过程中.
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| 关 键 词： | 大型底栖动物 水质评价 小湾水坝 澜沧江 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/2/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/5/2 0:00:00 |
Assessment of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages and Water Quality in Xiaowan Reservoir before and after Dam Operation, Lancang River |
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| LI Jinpeng,PENG Mingchun,DONG Shikui,LI Chunqing and WANG Lizhen.Assessment of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages and Water Quality in Xiaowan Reservoir before and after Dam Operation, Lancang River[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(11):1900-1908. |
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| Authors: | LI Jinpeng PENG Mingchun DONG Shikui LI Chunqing and WANG Lizhen |
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| Affiliation: | 1.China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing 100088, China2.Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China3.School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China4.School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China |
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| Abstract: | To explore the changes of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and aquatic ecosystem before and after dam operation in the reservoir and downstream of the Xiaowan hydropower dam, which situated in the middle reach of the Lancang River, the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were sampled in 2008, 2010, 2011, and 2016 respectively based on the planned exploitation of cascading dams in the basin. The species composition, density, biomass, functional feeding group and total biomass of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages before and after reservoir operation were analyzed, and water quality assessment was conducted. The results showed that the dominant species gradually changed from Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), which were adapted to the natural river with rapid flow habitat, to Chironomidae (Diptera) and Oligochaeta, which were adapted to the lentic aquatic environment in the reservoir. The density and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages after dam operation were significantly lower than those before dam operation. The distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages demonstrated that the density and biomass in the lacustrine zone was significantly lower than those in the transition zone. The functional feeding group of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages changed from Predator into Gatherer-collector after this dam operation. Goodnight-Whitley index analysis of the water quality assessment data demonstrated that the transitional zone was better than the lacustrine zone, while it was worse than the natural river before dam construction. After dam operation, the total biomass of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the reservoir were significantly lower than that in the natural river before dam construction. The results also indicated that benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and their distribution pattern were significantly changed due to habitat variation after dam operation. Meanwhile, the evolution of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages will continue to vary dynamically with the exploitation of cascading hydropower in upper reaches of the Lancang River. |
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| Keywords: | benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage water quality assessment Xiaowan Reservoir Lancang River |
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