| 石油污染对场地中细菌群落的影响及其反馈机制 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑一鸣,何小松,单光春,崔骏,虞敏达,赵航正,席北斗.石油污染对场地中细菌群落的影响及其反馈机制[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(4):987-995. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑一鸣 何小松 单光春 崔骏 虞敏达 赵航正 席北斗 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与防控重点实验室,北京 100012;中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与防控重点实验室,北京 100012;哈尔滨工业大学环境学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090;中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所,北京 100012;中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与防控重点实验室,北京 100012;中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2018YFC1800703 |
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| 摘 要： | 石油污染场地细菌群落的组成与分布差异性较大，且受多种因素影响.石油污染过程如何驱动场地中细菌群落变化仍然不明确，石油污染场地的细菌群落组装过程仍待研究.为了探明石油污染场地细菌群落结构及其与污染物之间的关系，以甘肃省某石化场地为研究区域，调查了油泥、石油污染土壤、未污染土壤及受污染含水层中沉积物的石油浓度、细菌群落结构多样性及其群落组装过程.结果表明:在好氧环境下，高石油浓度的油泥环境可以选择出具有降解石油能力的基因型（alkB基因和nah基因），油泥环境中好氧降解基因拷贝数高达107 copies/g；而在含水层沉积物等厌氧环境下，好氧降解石油的基因拷贝数仅为106 copies/g，ass和bamA等厌氧降解基因也没有在厌氧环境中得到高效表达.石油污染土壤后，细菌群落的α-多样性降低，且与石油浓度呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）.与未污染土壤相比，油泥和受污染沉积物中细菌群落α-多样性降低了50%左右，而石油污染土壤中细菌群落的α-多样性降低了大约33%.在油泥、石油污染土壤和未污染土壤等地表环境中，群落组装主要受多样化和漂变等随机性过程主导，而与污染程度无关.在受污染含水层沉积物等厌氧环境中，微生物的群落组装主要受环境选择、种间竞争等确定性过程主导.研究显示，石油污染场地中的细菌群落多样性主要受石油浓度驱动，但是其对环境的反馈，例如降解基因的选择、群落组装过程等则需要较高的石油浓度才有所显示.
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| 关 键 词： | 石化场地 细菌群落 确定性过程 随机性过程 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-03 |
Effects of Petroleum Contamination on Bacterial Communities in Field and Its Feedback Mechanisms |
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| Abstract: | The composition and distribution of bacterial communities in petroleum contaminated sites vary greatly and are affected by many factors. The effect of petroleum contamination on the change of bacterial communities in the contaminated site is still unclear. The community assembly process in petroleum-contaminated sites remains to be studied. In a petrochemical site in Gansu Province, four media with different contamination characteristics were selected to investigate the petroleum concentration, bacterial community structure diversity and community assembly process in sludge, petroleum contaminated soil, uncontaminated soil, and contaminated aquifer sediments. The results showed that genotypes with the ability to degrade petroleum (alkB and nah genes) could be selected in an aerobic environment with high petroleum concentration, and the degradation genes in the sludge environment could reach 107 copies/g. The copies of genes that degrade petroleum anaerobically was low in an anaerobic environment such as sediment and the gene of depredating petroleum was only 106 copies/g. Anaerobic degradation genes such as ass and bamA were not highly expressed. The α-diversity of the bacterial community in the site was reduced after petroleum contaminated soil and was significantly negatively correlated with petroleum concentration (P < 0.05). Compared to uncontaminated soils, sludge and contaminated sediments reduced α-diversity by about 50%, whereas petroleum contaminated soils reduced α-diversity by about 33%. In aerobic environments such as sludge, petroleum-contaminated soil and uncontaminated soil, community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes such as diversification and drift, regardless of the degree of contamination. In anaerobic environments, such as contaminated aquifer sediments, microbial community assembly was dominated by deterministic processes such as environmental selection and interspecies competition. This study shows that the diversity and assembly processes of bacterial communities in oil-contaminated sites are mainly affected by oil concentration, but the feedback to the environment, such as selection of degradation genes and assembly processes, requires higher oil concentration to be shown. |
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