| 基于遥感技术的青海省玛多县生物多样性监测与评估 |
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| 引用本文： | 李冠稳,高晓奇,肖能文,吉晟男.基于遥感技术的青海省玛多县生物多样性监测与评估[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(10):2419-2427. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李冠稳 高晓奇 肖能文 吉晟男 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京 100012;西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西 杨凌 712100;中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC0500206生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目2019HJ2096001006 |
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| 摘 要： | 高效快速评价县域生物多样性空间分布格局对制定和实施生物多样性保护措施具有重要意义.以青海省玛多县为例，结合InVEST模型和遥感、GIS技术，以景观结构、物种多样性、生态系统质量三方面的6个指标构建生物多样性遥感监测和评估指标体系，实现县域生物多样性快速监测和评估，并为玛多县生物多样性保护与可持续利用提供理论支撑和决策依据.结果表明:玛多县生物多样性指数整体呈东南高、西北低的变化趋势，高值区域主要分布在南部沼泽草甸和高覆盖草地区，低值区域主要分布在西北山地、稀疏草地区.2000年、2010年和2015年玛多县生物多样性指数值域范围分别为0.113 8~0.805 8、0.141 6~0.807 3和0.154 6~0.793 9，值域最低值呈上升趋势、最高值有所下降.2000-2015年玛多县生物多样性降低区域占其陆域总面积的59.85%，增加区域占40.15%；明显增加区域主要分布在冬春牧场，明显降低区域主要分布在冬春牧场与夏秋牧场交界处及玛查理镇城区.实例分析表明，基于遥感技术构建的生物多样性评估指标体系能够监测玛多县生物多样性现状及其时空变异特征，相对于传统生物多样性调查方法，基于遥感技术的生物多样性评估具有时效性强、操作便捷高效等优势，可应用于县域生物多样性遥感监测与评估.
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| 关 键 词： | 生物多样性指数 遥感监测 县域尺度 玛多县 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-05 |
Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation Using Remote Sensing Technology in Maduo County,Qinghai Province |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Efficient and rapid evaluation of spatial pattern of biodiversity at the county-level is crucial to the formulation and implementation of biodiversity conservation measures in Maduo County, Qinghai Province. Taking this county as an example, combining the InVEST model, remote sensing and GIS technology, a biodiversity remote sensing monitoring and evaluation index system is constructed based on six indicators of landscape structure, species diversity and ecosystem quality. It realizes the rapid monitoring and evaluation of biodiversity at the county level, and provides theoretical support and decision-making basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization in Maduo County. The assessment results showed that Maduo County's biodiversity index was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. The higher-value areas were mainly distributed in marsh swamp meadow and high-covered grassland areas in the southern part of Maduo County, and the lower-value areas were mainly distributed in the northwest mountainous and sparse grassland areas. The ranges of the biodiversity index values in 2000, 2010 and 2015 were 0.1138-0.8058, 0.1416-0.8073 and 0.1546-0.7939, respectively. And the average values were 0.56, 0.57 and 0.547, respectively, which showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, but the overall change was not significant. The lowest value of the biodiversity index showed an upward trend, while the highest value decreased. From 2000 to 2015, the biodiversity index reduction area accounted for 59.85%, and the increased area accounted for 40.15% of the total land area in Maduo County. The area with obvious increase in biodiversity was mainly distributed in winter and spring pastures, while the obvious decreasing area was mainly distributed in the junction of winter and spring pastures and summer and autumn pastures and in the urban area of Machali Town. The application showed that the biodiversity assessment index system based on remote sensing technology can monitor the current status of biodiversity and the characteristics of temporal and spatial differentiation in Maduo County. Compared with traditional biodiversity survey methods, it has the advantages of fine timeliness, convenient and efficient operation. Therefore, it is feasible to be used in remote sensing monitoring and evaluation of biodiversity at the county level. |
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