| 我国氯化石蜡的环境赋存、人群暴露与管控:现状及展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋博宇,白露,黎娟,高鹏,张彩丽,高洁玉,王亚韡.我国氯化石蜡的环境赋存、人群暴露与管控:现状及展望[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(9):2077-2091. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋博宇 白露 黎娟 高鹏 张彩丽 高洁玉 王亚韡 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.生态环境部对外合作与交流中心，北京 100035 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(No.21625702, 22136006, 22021003) |
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| 摘 要： | 氯化石蜡(Chlorinated paraffin，CPs)是一类人工合成化学品，被广泛用作阻燃剂和增塑剂，在生产和使用过程中释放到多种环境介质中(如水、沉积物、灰尘、空气和土壤等). 短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)作为新增持久性有机污染物已于2017年被正式列入《关于持久性有机物的斯德哥尔摩公约》附件A中，中链氯化石蜡(MCCPs)因具有和SCCPs相似的性质和环境效应，已被列入持久性有机污染物候选名单. 我国是CPs的生产和使用大国，但对该类物质的风险评估与管控还存在不足. 本文通过收集并深入讨论已发表的CPs相关文章，在系统梳理不同介质中CPs赋存情况的基础上，利用释放因子解析方法，估算了CPs在生产和使用过程中进入到环境的量，发现土壤介质是环境中CPs的汇. 人类活动、经济活动和经济水平等对CPs在不同区域的赋存具有重要影响. 对人群暴露途径解析表明，职业暴露场景显著高于其他场景；生态风险和人体暴露风险评估表明，目前CPs对我国生态环境与人体健康的危害整体上还处于较低水平. 另外，本文介绍了国内外对于SCCPs和MCCPs的管控措施，并基于化学品管理和风险评估的考虑，提出未来亟需深入开展MCCPs和LCCPs (长链氯化石蜡)的迁移转化和风险研究，特别是评估CPs管控造成的潜在经济、社会和环境影响. 相关数据及分析可更好地为CPs产品的管控和国家开展履约行动提供科学数据和技术支撑，并为将来可能的CPs淘汰政策的制定提供参考.
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| 关 键 词： | 氯化石蜡 (CPs) 排放清单 健康风险 化学品管控 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-04-14 |
Occurrence,Population Exposure and Control of Chlorinated Paraffins in China: Current Situation and Prospect |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035, China2.Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China3.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are synthetic chemicals, widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. CPs can be released into various environmental media, such as water, sediment, dust, air, and soil. Short-chain CPs (SCCPs). were officially listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 2017, and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) were included POPs candidates by the Convention due to their persistence, bioaccumulations, long range atmospheric transport and adverse effects on ecosystem and organisms. As the major global producer and consumer of CPs, China is facing a huge environmental burden from these compounds. There is a great demand for CPs control and risk assessment, however, there are still many defects in basic research in this field. Based on the in-depth discussion of published related studies, this study estimates the emission of CPs to the environment through production and use, sorts out the occurrence of CPs in different environmental media, and looks forward the possible gap between the research and the chemical managements. The key findings from this review are that: (1) Soil is the sink of CPs in the environment; (2) Human activities, economic activities and economic level have important impacts on the occurrence of CPs in different regions; (3) The risk assessment indicates that ecological risk and human exposure risk of CPs at present levels are relatively low. Furthermore, this study introduces the control measures of SCCPs and MCCPs at home and abroad. In view of the consideration of chemical management and risk assessment, there is urgent need to carry out research on the migration, transformation, and exposure risk of MCCPs and LCCPs, especially to assess the potential economic, social, and environmental impact ascribed to the control management of CPs. This critical review provides important scientific data and technical support for the control of CPs products and national implementation of the Stockholm Convention. Moreover, this study will provide solid support for the risk assessment and possible control management of CPs in China. |
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