| 基于监测断面空间聚类的中国枯水期水质污染区域格局 |
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| 引用本文： | 叶志祥,洪松,何超,杨璐,易嘉慧,柯碧钦,田雅,王艳.基于监测断面空间聚类的中国枯水期水质污染区域格局[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(8):1807-1817. |
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| 作者姓名： | 叶志祥 洪松 何超 杨璐 易嘉慧 柯碧钦 田雅 王艳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院，地理信息系统教育部重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430079 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFC0206201, 2017YFC0212600) |
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| 摘 要： | 为分析我国枯水期地表水水质的空间分布规律，识别其空间格局，基于我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)枯水期(2021年1—2月)地表水监测断面的融合数据(不包括港澳台地区数据，下同)，运用空间自相关、空间聚类和热点分析方法进行研究. 结果表明:①我国枯水期地表水水质在空间分布上呈现出西部和中部地区以GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类为主、东部和东北地区以Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类水体为主的非对称分布特征；在空间上表现为显著的正向高聚集格局，并被高/低聚类和热点分析中不显著断面所在的长条状区域分界线(即福建省中部—江西省北部—湖北省—陕西省)，粗略地划分为重污染区和轻污染区两大区域. ②以水质优Ⅲ比率0.9为标准形成的分界线位置与污染区域划分界线基本一致，证明了我国枯水期地表水污染区域识别结果的准确性. ③重污染区水质污染程度在统计学上显著(双样本T检验中P<0.05)高于轻污染区，两大区域内的断面水质指标相关性(分别为0.83和0.47)均高于两大区域间的断面水质指标相关性(0.45). 研究显示，我国枯水期地表水水质具有显著的高聚集特征，且这种聚集特征与我国地表水资源的分布和污染物的排放有密切关系.
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| 关 键 词： | 中国 地表水 水质 空间聚类 热点分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-20 |
Regional Pattern of Water Pollution in Dry Season in China Based on Spatial Clustering of Monitoring Sections |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Geographic Information System and Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China2.Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment, Wuhan 430100, China3.College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to analyze the spatial distribution law of surface water quality in dry season in China and identify its spatial pattern, based on the fusion data of surface water monitoring sections of 31 provinces in dry season (from January to February, 2021, excluding the data of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, the same below), the methods of spatial autocorrelation, spatial clustering and hot spot analysis are used. The results showed that: (1) The spatial distribution of surface water quality in dry season in China shows the asymmetric distribution characteristics of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ water bodies in the West and central regions, and class Ⅲ and class Ⅳ water bodies in the East and northeast regions. Spatially, it shows a significant positive high aggregation pattern, which is roughly divided into two areas: heavy pollution area and light pollution area, which are divided by the long strip area (i.e. Central Fujian Province-Northern Jiangxi Province-Hubei Province-Shaanxi Province) where the insignificant section in the high/low clustering and hot spot analysis. (2) The location of the boundary line formed by taking the water quality excellent Ⅲ ratio of 0.9 as the standard is basically consistent with the boundary of polluted areas, which proves the accuracy of the identification results of surface water polluted areas in dry season in China. (3) The degree of water pollution in heavy pollution area is statistically significantly higher than that in light pollution area (P<0.05 in the two-sample T test). The correlation between the water quality indicators of the sections in the two regions (0.83 and 0.47) is significantly higher than the correlation of the water quality indicators of the sections between the two regions (0.45). The research shows that the surface water quality in dry season in China has significant high aggregation characteristics, which is closely related to the distribution of surface water resources and the discharge of pollutants. |
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