| 北京市城市河流中精神活性物质的污染水平及环境风险 |
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| 引用本文： | 张艳,张婷婷,郭昌胜,花镇东,张远,徐建.北京市城市河流中精神活性物质的污染水平及环境风险[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(6):845-853. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张艳 张婷婷 郭昌胜 花镇东 张远 徐建 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室自由探索项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为评价北京市城市河流地表水体中5种精神活性物质〔METH(甲基苯丙胺)、AMP(苯丙胺)、KET(氯胺酮)、EPH(麻黄碱)和HA(羟亚胺)〕的环境风险,通过对固相萃取柱(Oasis HLB、Oasis MCX、Oasis WAX和Oasis PRiME HLB)类型、水样酸化、洗脱剂类型及体积等条件的确定,建立了同时测定水环境中精神活性物质的固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)联用方法,并对北京市城市河流地表水体中5种精神活性物质的质量浓度水平进行了调查,采用RQ(风险熵)法进行了风险评价. 结果表明,在水样未酸化条件下,Oasis MCX柱对精神活性物质的回收率最高,使用含5%(V/V)氨水的甲醇作为洗脱液,5种精神活性物质的回收率可以达到81.8%~91.1%. 地表水水体基质加标结果表明,5种精神活性物质的加标回收率均大于75.5%,相对标准偏差均小于10.0%. 方法检出限为0.30~0.80 ng/L,定量限为1.00~2.68 ng/L. 北京市7条城市河流中5种精神活性物质的质量浓度在1.00~99.51 ng/L之间. EPH在所有采样点均被检出且质量浓度较高,ρ(EPH)平均值为22.79 ng/L；ρ(AMP)相对较低,在1.54~11.23 ng/L之间,但AMP检出率为97.06%；ρ(METH)较高,平均值为14.63 ng/L,最高值(99.51 ng/L)出现在坝河. 研究显示,北京市地表水中5种精神活性物质的RQ均小于0.1,表明其可能的环境风险较低,但由于精神活性物质本身具有生物活性,它们对城市河流水生生态系统产生的潜在危害不容忽视.
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| 关 键 词： | 城市河流 精神活性物质 分析检测 环境风险 北京 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/3/3 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/4/1 0:00:00 |
Pollution Status and Environmental Risks of Illicit Drugs in the Urban Rivers of Beijing |
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| ZHANG Yan,ZHANG Tingting,GUO Changsheng,HUA Zhendong,ZHANG Yuan and XU Jian.Pollution Status and Environmental Risks of Illicit Drugs in the Urban Rivers of Beijing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(6):845-853. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Yan ZHANG Tingting GUO Changsheng HUA Zhendong ZHANG Yuan and XU Jian |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.National Narcotics Laboratory, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center of the Ministry of Public Security P.R.C., Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: In this study, an analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of five illicit drugs, i.e. amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (METH), ketamine (KET), ephedrine (EPH) and hydroxylimine (HA) in water samples. The water was extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE), and the extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was evaluated by testing the following variables:different types of extraction cartridges (Oasis HLB, Oasis MCX, Oasis Wax and Oasis PRiME HLB), extraction solvents, solvent volumes, solvent pH values and different water matrices. The highest recoveries (81.8%-91.1%), as well as the simplest protocol, were obtained for Oasis MCX cartridges (60 mg, 3 mL) using 4 mL of 5% ammonia solution in methane at about pH 7 as the eluting solution. The recoveries of the five illicit drugs in surface water were more than 75.5%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10.0%. The limits of detection were between 0.30-0.80 ng/L, and the limits of quantification were between 1.00-2.68 ng/L. The method was successfully employed on surface water samples collected from urban rivers in Beijing, China, and resulted in the detection of all five drugs, with concentrations ranging from 1.00 to 99.51 ng/L. EPH (average value was 22.79 ng/L) was detected in all sampling sites and the concentrations were high. Although the concentrations of AMP were relatively low, it presented high frequencies (97.06%). The concentrations of METH were high, and reached up to 99.51 ng/L in Ba River. The established method is simple and robust, and capable of analysis of the emerging illicit drugs in the water environment. Risk assessment showed that the five illicit drugs are not likely to exert biological effects on aquatic ecosystems at current levels in the surface water of Beijing. However, the potential adverse effects of illicit drugs on the ecosystem functioning and human health should not be neglected. |
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| Keywords: | urban river illicit drugs analytical method environmental risk Beijing |
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