| 污染地块层次化风险评估发展历程与研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 袁贝,杜平,李艾阳,张昊,陈娟,张云慧,王海燕.污染地块层次化风险评估发展历程与研究进展[J].环境科学研究,2023,36(1):19-29. |
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| 作者姓名： | 袁贝 杜平 李艾阳 张昊 陈娟 张云慧 王海燕 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院环境标准研究所，北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFC1806304) |
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| 摘 要： | 风险评估是污染地块管理的核心环节，基于风险的管控策略已被广泛认可和应用.风险评估过程中暴露情景构建、暴露模型表征和暴露参数选用等的不确定性是影响评估结果的主要因素.而层次化风险评估（Tiered Risk Assessment）通过迭代方法可有效平衡评估不确定性、结果准确性和资源有限性之间的矛盾，为污染地块提供了经济高效的风险管控思路.因此，为强化对层次化风险评估的理论认知并推动其在污染地块风险评估领域的发展和应用，本文通过文献调研，系统梳理了国内外污染地块层次化风险评估的发展历程，分析了污染物环境行为的暴露情景构建、暴露模型表征及参数本土化调整等方面的研究进展，探讨了层次化风险评估技术的发展方向.结果表明，层次化方法在污染面积较大、污染状况复杂的大型污染地块中得到广泛的重视和应用，相较于传统风险评估，这一方法可提高结果准确性、减少不必要的成本投入和避免过度修复.基于现实假设构建暴露情景和优化暴露模型、耦合不确定模型评估及参数本土化调整是目前研究的热点和趋势.基于此，结合我国污染地块风险管理的政策要求及现状，提出层次化和精细化的风险评估在污染地块风险管理中的应用建议.未来可从内涵演变、...
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| 关 键 词： | 污染地块 不确定性 层次化风险评估 风险管理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-07-10 |
Development and Research Progress of Tiered Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | Risk-based control strategies of the contaminated sites have been widely recognized and applied, of which risk assessment is the core part. The uncertainties of exposure scenario construction, model characterization and parameter selection in the risk assessment process are important factors affecting risk assessment results. Tiered risk assessment effectively balances the contradiction between the assessment uncertainty, the accuracy of results and the limitation of resources through an iterative approach, and provides a cost-effective risk management perspective for contaminated sites. To strengthen the theoretical knowledge of tiered risk assessment and to promote the development and application of tiered risk assessment, this research systematically reviews the development of the tiered risk assessment of the contaminated site at home and abroad, describes the research contents in the construction of exposure scenarios of environmental behavior of pollutants, the optimization of exposure model characterization and local adjustment of parameters, and discusses the development direction of the hierarchical risk assessment method through literature research. The study indicates that the tiered approach has been applied in large contamination sites with large contamination areas and complex contamination conditions. Compared with traditional risk assessment, a tiered approach can improve the accuracy of results, reduce unnecessary cost investment and avoid excessive remediation. Construction of exposure scenarios and optimization of exposure models based on realistic assumptions, coupled uncertainty model assessment and localized adjustment of parameters are hot spots and trends of related research. Based on this, combining the policy requirements and development status of contaminated site risk assessment in China, this paper proposes the application of tiered and refined risk assessment in risk management of contaminated sites. Future research on hierarchical risk assessment can be deepened in terms of connotation evolution, technical methods, and practical applications to enhance its application value in risk control of contaminated sites. |
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