| 东北湖区典型流域生态安全评估 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘丽娜,马春子,张靖天,何卓识,霍守亮,席北斗.东北湖区典型流域生态安全评估[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(7):1108-1116. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘丽娜 马春子 张靖天 何卓识 霍守亮 席北斗 |
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| 作者单位： | 东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030;黑龙江工程学院土木与建筑工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150050;中国环境科学研究院,北京,100012;东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030;中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2012ZX07101-002）；黑龙江省青年科学基金项目（No.QC2013C050） |
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| 摘 要： | 为评估东北湖区湖泊生态安全，在山口湖流域水质特征分析的基础上，分别采用模糊综合评价法、层次分析法和DPSIR（驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应）模型对山口湖流域水环境质量、陆域生态系统健康状况和流域生态安全进行综合评估.结果表明:①2014年山口湖水体氮、磷、有机物质量浓度较低，各月营养水平存在较大波动:3月冰封期ρ（TN）、ρ（TP）和ρ（CODMn）最低，分别为0.681、0.022、6.31 mg/L；5月冰层溶解时ρ（TN）和ρ（CODMn）最高，分别为1.771、8.27 mg/L.在3条入湖河流中，长水河受生活源和农业面源污染较重，ρ（TN）年均值为2.244 mg/L，超出GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅴ类标准限值；南水河污染较轻，ρ（TN）、ρ（TP）平均值分别为1.061、0.059 mg/L；土鲁木河受人类活动影响较小，污染最轻.②模糊综合评价结果显示，除5月外，2014年山口湖水体总体上处于GB 3838-2002 Ⅲ类水质.③1988-2014年山口湖陆域生态系统处于优秀状态，但健康指数由1988年的90.06降至2014年的87.63，森林覆盖率下降、农田比例增加是陆域生态系统健康状态下降的主要原因.④2014年山口湖流域生态安全指数值为72.61，处于较安全状态，经济发展水平落后、入湖污染物未有效控制、透明度低、水产品供给指标功能较差、污染物处理能力差是影响山口湖生态安全的主要因素.研究显示，需减少农田化肥施用量，加强农村和农业面源污染防治等措施，控制污染物入湖量，加强环境监管能力建设和科技支撑，提高山口湖流域生态安全状态.
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| 关 键 词： | 山口湖流域 水环境质量 陆域生态系统 流域生态安全 评估 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/6/19 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/10/29 0:00:00 |
Ecological Security Assessment of Typical Watershed in Northeast, China |
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| LIU Lin,MA Chunzi,ZHANG Jingtian,HE Zhuoshi,HUO Shouliang and XI Beidou.Ecological Security Assessment of Typical Watershed in Northeast, China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(7):1108-1116. |
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| Authors: | LIU Lin MA Chunzi ZHANG Jingtian HE Zhuoshi HUO Shouliang and XI Beidou |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China2.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China3.School of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to estimate the lake ecological security in northeast region, based on the analysis of water quality characteristics, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, analytic hierarchy process, and driving-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model were used to assess the water environment quality, terrestrial ecosystem health, and watershed ecological security in Lake Shankou Basin, respectively. The results indicated that the mass concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matters were low in 2014, and there were significant differences in nutrient levels among different months. The TN, TP and CODMn concentrations (0.681, 0.022 and 6.31 mg/L, respectively) were the lowest in the icebound season of March 2014, and the maximum TN and CODMn mass concentrations (1.771 and 8.27 mg/L, respectively) were obtained in the ice melting period of May 2014. For the three rivers into lake, the Changshuihe River was seriously polluted by life source and agricultural non-point source and the average TN content was 2.244 mg/L, which was higher than the standard limit of Class Ⅴ in the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (GB 3838-2002). The pollution of the North and South River is light, and the average values of ρ(TN) and ρ(TP) are 1.061、0.059 mg/L, respectively. The tulumu river was lightly polluted due to low human activity effect. The results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method manifested that the water quality of Lake Shankou was in Class Ⅲ of GB 3838-2002 in 2014 except May. From 1988 to 2014, the terrestrial ecosystem of Lake Shankou was in excellent health, the health index value decreased from 90.06 in 1988 to 87.63 in 2014. And the decrease in vegetation coverage and the increase in percentage of farmland were the main reason for the decrease of terrestrial ecosystem health index value. In 2014, the ecological security condition of Lake Shankou was normally safe with its ecological security index value of 72.61. Poor development level of economic, ineffective control of inflowing pollutant, low value of transparency, short aquatic product supply, and low pollutant treatment ability were the main factors influencing ecological security of Lake Shankou. Therefore, some strategies should be adopted to increase the ecological security state of Lake Shankou, such as reducing fertilizer use, preventing rural and agricultural non-point pollution, controlling inflowing pollutant load, and improving environment supervision ability and scientific support. |
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| Keywords: | Lake Shankou watershed water environmental quality terrestrial ecosystem watershed ecological security evaluation |
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