| 地铁事故应急疏散模拟及优化研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王起全,李登尧,杨鑫刚.地铁事故应急疏散模拟及优化研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2019,15(11):170-178. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王起全 李登尧 杨鑫刚 |
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| 作者单位： | （中国劳动关系学院 安全工程学院，北京 100048） |
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| 基金项目： | * 基金项目: 中国劳动关系学院院级一般项目（19YYJS004）;安全生产重特大事故防治关键技术科技项目（beijing-0005-2018AQ）；国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFC0804901） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究如何提高地铁车站应急疏散的效率，以我国近十年来地铁常见事故类型统计为基础，在事故风险分析的前提下，利用风险矩阵和元胞自动机设定应急疏散等级，分析不同事故水平下相应疏散措施。以北京地铁西直门站为实例，使用疏散仿真软件Pathfinder构建模拟环境，对高峰时期下站内最短逃生路径进行疏散模拟；按照事故与疏散的响应过程，从预防次生事故角度出发，针对西直门站疏散过程中可能发生的踩踏事故的诱发因素进行优化；研究拥堵对疏散进度的具体影响，选取使用率较低的M通道设施，进行不同使用率下的多次模拟，得到最优的疏散方案，研究结果可为进一步提高疏散设施利用率、改善应急疏散效果提供技术支持。
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| 关 键 词： | 地铁事故 应急疏散 Pathfinder 模拟 优化 |
Study on simulation and optimization of emergency evacuation in subway accident |
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| WANG Qiquan,LI Dengyao,YANG Xingang.Study on simulation and optimization of emergency evacuation in subway accident[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2019,15(11):170-178. |
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| Authors: | WANG Qiquan LI Dengyao YANG Xingang |
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| Affiliation: | (Department of Safety Engineering,China University of Labor Relations,Beijing 100048,China) |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore how to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation in the subway stations, based on the statistics of common accident types in the past ten years in China,under the premise of accident risk analysis,the risk matrix and cellular automata were used to set the level of emergency evacuation,and the corresponding evacuation measures under different accident levels were analyzed.Taking the Xizhimen station of Beijing Subway as an example,the evacuation simulation software Pathfinder was used to construct the simulation environment,and the evacuation simulation of the shortest escape route in the station during the peak period was carried out.According to the response processes of accident and evacuation,from the perspective of preventing the secondary accidents,the factors inducing the stampede accident during the evacuation process of Xizhimen station were optimized.The specific impact of congestion on the evacuation progress was studied,and the M channel facilities with lower usage rate were selected to perform multiple simulation under different usage rates,so as to obtain the optimal evacuation scheme.The results can provide technical support for further improving the utilization rate of evacuation facilities and the effect of emergency evacuation. |
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| Keywords: | subway accident emergency evacuation Pathfinder simulation optimization |
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