| 核应急公众洗消时间评估问题研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 景奇,祁明亮,刘凯,纪雅敏.核应急公众洗消时间评估问题研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(3):5-12. |
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| 作者姓名： | 景奇 祁明亮 刘凯 纪雅敏 |
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| 作者单位： | （1.国家核应急响应技术支持中心，北京 100190；2.中国科学院 科技战略咨询研究院，北京 100190；3. 中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院，北京 100049） |
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| 摘 要： | 去污洗消是核泄漏应急撤离工作中的重要环节之一，我国在相关规定中主要明确的是人员洗消的适用时段以及原则，各拥有核电的省份在省级核电站场外应急程序中，设定了人员洗消站点的配置方案，但对方案可能存在的风险缺乏进一步研究。根据某核电站场外应急撤离程序中的居民数量、撤离路线、风向风力等信息，构建3种污染场景，利用系统动力学模型，按照洗消站点建设方案，对公众洗消进行仿真。研究结果表明:利用现有洗消站点设备配置进行人员洗消，时间过长，不利于稳定撤离群众的情绪；同时，需要重新审视现有洗消站点的选址及设备配置数量的合理性。因此，建议开展应急撤离程序的洗消站配置方案风险性评估,并进一步制定我国公众洗消站的配置标准。
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| 关 键 词： | 系统动力学模型 洗消时间 场外核应急 应急管理 |
Research on assessment of public decontamination time in nuclear emergency |
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| JING Qi,QI Mingliang,,LIU Kai,JI Yamin,.Research on assessment of public decontamination time in nuclear emergency[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2018,14(3):5-12. |
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| Authors: | JING Qi QI Mingliang LIU Kai JI Yamin |
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| Affiliation: | (1. National Nuclear Emergency Response Technical Support Center, Beijing 100190, China;
2. Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3. School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) |
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| Abstract: | The decontamination is one of the important link in the emergency evacuation of nuclear leakage. In China, the relevant regulations have mainly defined the application periods and principles of the personnel decontamination, and the provinces which own the nuclear power have set the configuration schemes of personnel decontamination stations in the provincial off-site emergency program of nuclear power station, but the further study on the possible risk of the schemes was lack. Three types of pollution scenarios were set up according to the number of residents, evacuation routes, wind direction, wind speed and other information in the off-site emergency evacuation program of a certain nuclear power station. The public decontamination was simulated in accordance with the construction scheme of decontamination stations by using the system dynamics model. The results showed that the decontamination time was too long with using the equipment allocation of existing decontamination stations, which was not conducive to stabilize the mood of evacuated public. At the same time, the rationality of the site selection, amount and equipment allocation amount of the existing decontamination stations should be re-examined. It was suggested to carry out the risk assessment on the configuration schemes of decontamination stations in the emergency evacuation program, thus formulate the configuration standards of public decontamination stations in China. |
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| Keywords: | system dynamics model decontamination time off-site nuclear emergency emergency management |
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