| 长江流域平原地区畜禽粪污资源化利用全链条技术应用现状 |
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| 引用本文： | 程红胜,丁京涛,孟海波,沈玉君,周海宾,宋立秋,张曦,徐鹏翔,张朋月,王鑫宇,李冉,王娟,张迎,燕海朋.长江流域平原地区畜禽粪污资源化利用全链条技术应用现状[J].环境工程,2022,40(7):240-247. |
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| 作者姓名： | 程红胜 丁京涛 孟海波 沈玉君 周海宾 宋立秋 张曦 徐鹏翔 张朋月 王鑫宇 李冉 王娟 张迎 燕海朋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 农业农村部规划设计研究院, 北京 100125; |
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| 基金项目： | 农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目(SH202109) |
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| 摘 要： | 长江流域是我国重要的畜禽养殖区,也是最重要的生态带和经济带,提高该区域畜禽粪污处理利用水平,对保护长江流域生态环境,推动区域经济可持续发展具有重要意义。以该区域平原地429个畜禽规模养殖场为研究对象,围绕畜禽粪污收集、处理、粪肥还田利用等畜禽粪污资源化利用全链条技术深入剖析,分析该区畜禽粪污资源化利用关键工艺技术与设施装备。结果表明:畜禽规模养殖场粪污收集方式以干清粪为主,固体粪便普遍采用堆沤处理,72.3%以上的养殖场堆(沤)肥设施面积符合规范要求;畜禽粪水处理主要采用贮存和厌氧发酵技术,仅17.89%的养殖场粪水贮存池容积和67.5%的养殖场沼气发酵容积达到建设规范要求;粪肥还田是粪污资源化利用主要方向,以水果蔬菜等经济作物为主,但存在养殖场配套粪肥消纳土地面积不足等问题,近25.56%的养殖场未达到要求。建议根据该区域养殖和区位条件,进一步规范提升粪污资源化利用技术,提高粪污资源化利用技术和装备水平,引导规模养殖场按照种养平衡的要求配套消纳土地,同时加强对施用粪肥的农田土壤进行跟踪评估,提高粪肥还田利用水平。
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| 关 键 词： | 畜禽粪污 资源化利用 清粪方式 粪肥还田 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-01 |
ANALYSIS ON WHOLE CHAIN TECHNOLOGY OF LIVESTOCK MANURE RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN PLAIN |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100125, China;2. Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100125, China |
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| Abstract: | The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin plain play an important role in livestock and poultry breeding areas in China.Improving the treatment and utilization level of livestock and poultry manure in this area is of great significance to protect the environment of the Yangtze River Basin and promote the sustainable development of the regional economy.To better track the progress of the treatment and utilization of manure and wastewater,a nationwide survey was conducted in 2018-2020,covering 429 pig,cattle and poultry farms.The technical pathway and facility construction for the treatment and utilization of manure and wastewater were thoroughly analyzed,from the aspects of the collection methods,treatment technologies,and utilization to the farmland.The results showed that dry-dung cleaning was the main method for manure and wastewater collection in most surveyed farms (85.71%),while water flushing and deep-pit were frequently adopted in 8.2% and 2.58% of the surveyed farms.Composting was widely used in the treatment of solid feces,accounting for 91% of the surveyed farms.Most of the treated manure and wastewater were used for fertilizers for the farmland with fruits and vegetables,while their application to the farmland with grain crops was still low.Only 25.56% of the large-scale livestock and poultry farms had insufficient farmland for manure and wastewater consumption.The overall dosage based on nitrogen demand was relatively higher than plant need,which caused water pollution.Meanwhile,manual fertilization was still the main method compared with mechanical fertilization.To improve the treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry manure and wastewater,it was suggested to further standardize and improve the utilization technologies of manure and sewage resources,improve the technology and equipment level of manure and sewage resources utilization,guide large-scale farms to prepare the consuming land according to the requirements of planting and breeding balance,and strengthen the tracking and evaluation of farmland soil applying manure,so as to improve the utilization level of manure. |
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