| 石油烃污染非均质场地微生物群落结构及降解作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 薛镇坤,左锐,王金生,陈敏华,孟利,靳超.石油烃污染非均质场地微生物群落结构及降解作用[J].环境工程,2021,39(8):188-196. |
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| 作者姓名： | 薛镇坤 左锐 王金生 陈敏华 孟利 靳超 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875;地下水污染控制与修复教育部工程研究中心,北京100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41877187，41831283）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究冲洪积扇上游强非均质性石油烃污染场地中微生物降解作用强弱，深入分析场地微生物修复的可能性，选取潮白河上游某典型废弃加油站为研究对象。受冲洪积扇条件控制，区内非均质性强，地下水埋深较大。现场采集土样进行微生物高通量测序分析；装填土柱进行室内淋滤实验，开展微生物降解对比分析。结果表明:未受污染区域（T1）的优势菌门为厚壁菌门（Firimicutes），优势菌属为Paenisporosarcina，其相对丰度分别为40.1%和34.8%；污染区域可识别的优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria），优势菌属为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillius），其相对丰度分别为35.1%~52.2%和7.7%~16.8%，石油烃污染物较大程度上改变了区域的微生物群落结构和多样性，埋深和含水条件也是重要的影响因素。微生物降解对比实验表明，吸附作用是初始阶段石油烃污染物的主要去向，柱间出水石油烃浓度差值显示:0~200 h阶段微生物降解作用较为强烈，起主导作用，但去除量小于吸附作用。自然条件下，强非均质石油烃污染场地中石油烃降解优势菌的结构占比较低，数量较少，微生物降解作用微弱。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤石油烃 群落结构 生物多样性 微生物降解 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-27 |
MICROORGANISM COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL DETERIORATION IN HETEROGENEOUS SITES CONTAMINATED WITH PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. Engineering Research Center of Ground Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the degree of biodegradation and analyze the possibility of microbial remediation in the heterogeneous site contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon, the upstream zone of the Chaobai River was selected as a typical research area. Under the control of an alluvial fan, the research area was characterized by a strong heterogeneity and a deep underground water depth. High-throughput sequencing analysis and microbial degradation column experiment were carried out by collecting samples from the contaminated sites. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Firimicutes (40.1%) was the dominant phylum and Paenisporosarcina (34.8%) was the dominant genus in uncontaminated area (T1). The dominant phylum identified in other samples of the site was Proteobacteria (35.1%~52.2%) and the dominant genus was Bacillius (7.7%~16.8%). Petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants greatly changed the microbial community structure and diversity of the region, and burial depth and water bearing conditions were significant influencing factors. The results of the column experiment of indoor microbial petroleum hydrocarbon degradation showed that adsorption was the main fate of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the initial stage. The microbial degradation became stronger in the stage of 0~200 h, which played a leading role of this stage but the removal rate was lower than the adsorption. The results showed that the proportion and number of the dominant bacteria of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation were both low in the heterogeneous sites contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon, and the microbial degradation was weak under natural condition. |
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