| 农田土壤重金属垂直分布迁移特征及生态风险评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 窦韦强,安毅,秦莉,林大松,董明明.农田土壤重金属垂直分布迁移特征及生态风险评价[J].环境工程,2021,39(2):166-172. |
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| 作者姓名： | 窦韦强 安毅 秦莉 林大松 董明明 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国农业科学院创新工程项目（2018-cxgc-lyj）；国家自然科学基金项目（41877403）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨农田土壤环境中重金属的垂直分布迁移特征及潜在生态风险，以我国湖南省湘潭县某镇为研究对象，系统分析了8种常见毒性重金属（Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Hg、Ni）在农田土壤剖面中的含量及垂直分布迁移特征，并通过Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对其进行评价。结果表明:研究区域土壤Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Hg和Ni均有一定积累，但仅有表层土壤Cd含量均值为0.59 mg/kg，超过了土壤污染风险筛选值（0.3 mg/kg，pH<5.5），说明该区域农田土壤表层受Cd污染；分析农田土壤剖面重金属的垂直分布迁移特征得到，除Cr和Ni外，Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb 6种重金属主要富集在表层；重金属的潜在生态风险单项系数评价中，Cd在表层和中层土壤中表现为强生态危害，底层表现为中等生态危害，而Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Hg和Pb在表层、中层和底层土壤中均表现为轻微生态危害，表明Cd是该区域不同土层中的主要生态风险因子；综合潜在生态风险指数评价表明，研究区域表层土壤为中等生态危害，中层和底层土为轻微生态危害。综上，该区农田土壤表层重金属生态风险较高，主要由Cd污染引起，应当采取农艺调控或替代种植等安全利用措施进行风险管控，以保障农产品质量安全。
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| 关 键 词： | 湘潭县 农田土壤 重金属 垂直迁移 生态风险评价 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-07 |
CHARACTERISTICS OF VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN FARMLAND SOILS AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT |
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| Affiliation: | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China |
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| Abstract: | In this study, the contents and vertical distribution and migration characteristics of eight common toxic heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Hg, Ni) in the soil profile of farmland were analyzed and evaluated by Hakanson potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Hg, and Ni were detected in the soil, however, only the average value of the Cd content in the surface soil exceeded the screening risk of soil pollution, indicating that Cd pollution in the top layer of the farmland soil was serious. By analyzing the vertical distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metals in the soil profile of farmland, it was found that Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were mainly concentrated in the surface layer except for Cr and Ni. The potential ecological risk assessment results suggested that Cd possessed strongly ecological risk in the top and middle soil, while medium ecological risk in the bottom layer; Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Pb were slightly ecological risk in the top, middle, and bottom soils, indicating that Cd was the main ecological risk factor in different soil layers in the area. The results also showed that the surface soil was of medium ecological risk, and the middle and bottom soils was of slightly ecological risk. In conclusion, the ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface soil of farmland was relatively high, mainly caused by Cd pollution. Therefore, it was necessary to adopt safe use measures such as agronomic regulation or alternative cultivation for risk management to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. |
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