| 武汉市开放源PM2.5成分谱的建立与特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨志华,张瑞,刘琼玉,陶元,姜郡亭,谈静,程晋俊,叶巡.武汉市开放源PM2.5成分谱的建立与特征分析[J].环境工程,2021,39(5):80-88. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨志华 张瑞 刘琼玉 陶元 姜郡亭 谈静 程晋俊 叶巡 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 江汉大学 工业烟尘污染控制湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430056; |
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| 基金项目： | 国土资源部公益性行业科研专项（201511009-04）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 采用再悬浮采样方法获得武汉4类开放源（土壤风沙尘、施工扬尘、道路扬尘和城市扬尘）细颗粒物（PM2.5）样品，分析了无机元素、水溶性离子和碳质组分含量，构建了武汉市开放源PM2.5成分谱。结果表明:开放源PM2.5的组成以地壳类元素为主，地壳类元素占化学成分总量的62.69%~80.14%，自然背景特征明显。土壤风沙尘PM2.5中Si和Al的含量较高，施工扬尘PM2.5中Ca和有机碳（OC）的含量显著高于其他3类尘源，道路扬尘PM2.5中的主要组分为Ca、Si和OC，城市扬尘PM2.5中的主要组分为Si和Ca。Ca、Cu、Zn分别在施工扬尘、道路扬尘和城市扬尘中强烈富集，富集因子（EF）均>20，表明受人为源的影响大。源谱中的碳组分以OC为主，OC/EC值均>2，表明开放源对二次气溶胶形成有一定影响。4类源谱相互之间的分歧系数为0.29~0.47，相关系数为0.19~0.97，其中土壤风沙尘与其他3类扬尘之间的相似度不高；城市扬尘、施工扬尘、道路扬尘互相之间存在较高的相似度，具有很强的共线性。构建武汉开放源PM2.5精细化成分谱，可为武汉开展PM2.5源解析及开放源污染防治提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 开放源 PM2.5 源成分谱 标识元素 武汉 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-04-20 |
ESTABLISHMENT AND CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS ON FINE PARTICULATE MATTER SOURCE PROFILE OF OPEN-SOURCES IN WUHAN |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China;2. Suichang Branch of Ecological and Environmental Bureau of Lishui City, Suichang 323300, China;3. Hubei Jiutai Safety and Environmental Protection Technology Ltd, Shiyan 442000, China |
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| Abstract: | Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples from four kinds of open-sources (soil dust, construction dust, road dust and yard dust) in Wuhan were obtained by re-suspension sampling method, then the content of inorganic elements, water-soluble ions and carbon fractions of samples were analyzed. On this basis, the source profiles of PM2.5 for four kinds of open-sources in Wuhan were established. The results showed that crustal elements were the primary components in PM2.5 source profiles of open-sources and accounted for 62.69%~80.14% of the total chemical compositions, which was obviously a natural background feature. The results revealed that Si and Al were the relatively high constituents in soil dust, and the contents of Ca and OC in PM2.5 of construction dust were significantly higher than other three kinds of sources. Ca, Si and OC were the main composition in PM2.5 of road dust, and the main composition in PM2.5 of yard dust were Si and Ca. Ca, Cu and Zn were strongly enriched in construction dust, road dust and yard dust, respectively, and each of the enrichment facts(EF) was all greater than 20, which suggested that the influence of man-made sources was significant. OC was the dominating part of carbon fractions of source profiles, and all the values of OC/EC were greater than 2, indicating that open-sources had a certain influence on the formation of secondary aerosols. The divergence coefficient among four kinds of source profiles was between 0.29 and 0.47, and the correlation coefficient was between 0.19 and 0.97. The similarity between soil dust and the other three kinds of source profiles was not high. Relatively high similarity were observed among yard dust, construction dust and road dust, and these three kinds of sources had extremely strong collinearity. The establishment of refined PM2.5 source profiles of open-source in Wuhan could provide scientific support for PM2.5 source apportionment, and also provide important references for the prevention and control of open-sources in Wuhan. |
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