| 日本污水处理与再生利用现状分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 陆慧闽,陈卓,倪欣业,巫寅虎,胡洪营.日本污水处理与再生利用现状分析[J].环境工程,2023,41(3):237-242. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陆慧闽 陈卓 倪欣业 巫寅虎 胡洪营 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 清华苏州环境创新研究院, 江苏 苏州 215163; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(51738005) |
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| 摘 要： | 对日本水资源赋存状况、供水用水状况和污水处理与再生利用状况进行了系统梳理和分析。日本水资源总体较为充沛，但关东沿海、北九州和东海等地区严重缺水。近年来(2014—2018年)日本年人均综合用水量稳定在630 m3左右，约是中国的1.5倍；2018年，全国年污水处理总量约为146.4亿m3,平均污水处理成本为143.3日元/m3。日本的再生水利用总量约为2亿m3/a,再生水利用率约为1.5%。大型城市如东京等城市集中式再生水利用率为3.2%,显著高于全国平均水平。日本的再生水利用途径广泛，再生水分类统计工作细致且全面，针对冲厕、景观环境、融雪等9种用途进行分别统计可知：再生水的主要用途为补充地表水用水、观赏性景观环境用水和融雪用水，约占再生水利用总量的78.0%。日本在污水处理与再生利用信息统计、收集、分类等方面的经验和方法可为我国再生水利用规范化管理和发展提供重要参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 日本 污水处理 再生水利用 水资源短缺 发展历程 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-04-23 |
ANALYSIS OF WATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE IN JAPAN |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China;2. Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;3. China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing 100044, China |
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| Abstract: | The situation of water resources, water supply and use, sewage treatment and recycling in Japan were systematically summarized and analyzed. Overall, the whole country of Japan has relatively adequate water, but some areas, like the Kanto coast, Kitakyushu and the East Sea, are short of water. The combined annual per capita water consumption of Japan remains stable at around 630 m3, which is about 1.5 times that of China. The total amount of sewage treatment in Japan is 14.64 billion m3, and the average cost of sewage treatment is 143.3 yen/m3 in 2018. The total amount of reclaimed water utilization in Japan is stable at around 200 million m3 per year, and the utilization rate of reclaimed water is below 1.5%. Large cities, like Tokyo, have a significantly higher utilization rate of centralized reclaimed water of 3.2%, obviously higher than the national average value. Japan uses reclaimed water in a wide range of ways, and the classified statistics of reclaimed water are meticulous and comprehensive, including flushing, landscape environment, snow melting and other nine uses. Reclaimed water is mainly used to supplement surface water, water for ornamental landscape and snow melting, accounting for 78.0% of the total reclaimed water consumption. The experience and methods of Japan in the statistics, collection and classification of the information on wastewater water treatment and reclaimed water utilization can provide important references for standardized management and development of reclaimed water utilization in China. |
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