| 海岛近岸海域资源环境承载能力评价及其应用 |
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| 引用本文： | 张晓霞,陶平,程嘉熠,邵秘华,朱京海.海岛近岸海域资源环境承载能力评价及其应用[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(11):1725-1734. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张晓霞 陶平 程嘉熠 邵秘华 朱京海 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院, 辽宁 大连 116026 |
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| 基金项目： | 中华环保基金会“123工程”基金项目(CEPF2013-123-1-9)；辽宁省海洋与渔业厅科研计划项目(2014-lnhyhbc-0003) |
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| 摘 要： | 为定量研究海岛近岸海域资源环境承载状态,满足开发进程中可持续发展的需求,构建了海岛近岸海域资源环境承载能力三级评价指标体系,以空间资源承载能力、生态环境承载能力和生态系统承灾能力作为基础指标,对海岛近岸海域进行全面评价,依据其生态系统特征与人类活动特征,分别选择人工岸线开发类型、海域使用类型、水质状况、生物群落健康状况、灾害风险状况等指标开展分类评价,最后利用“短板效应”方法进行复合评价,将评价结果划分为可载、超载与临界超载3个级别,并以辽宁长兴岛为例开展实证研究.结果表明,长兴岛近岸海域 岸线开发强度为0.87,海域水质达标面积比率为0.75,鱼卵仔鱼平均密度为4.45 ind/m3,这3个单项指标的计算结果 均超过相应超载分级标准,受空间资源承载力和生态环境承载力短板要素的影响,该海域资源环境承载力状况为“超载”.表明以资源、生态环境和灾害等要素构建评价指标体系可客观全面地评价海岛近岸海域资源环境承载力状况,并能够科学地遴选出主导其承载力强弱的短板要素.长兴岛近岸海域可通过填海施工中预留过水通道、人工放流增补渔业资源、调整陆源排污口位置、实行岸段生态修复等措施优化开发利用方式,提升空间资源承载能力与生态环境承载力,逐步减弱短板效应.长兴岛近岸海域承灾能力属“可载”级别,为满足该区域未来发展过程中防灾减灾的需要,仍需通过编制突发事故应急预案,建立完善的事故应急措施来应对突发灾害事件.
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| 关 键 词： | 海岛近岸海域 资源环境承载能力 可持续发展 辽宁长兴岛 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/4/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/8/3 0:00:00 |
Method and Application of Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity Assessment for Island Offshore Sea Areas |
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| ZHANG Xiaoxi,TAO Ping,CHENG Jiayi,SHAO Mihua and ZHU Jinghai.Method and Application of Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity Assessment for Island Offshore Sea Areas[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(11):1725-1734. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Xiaoxi TAO Ping CHENG Jiayi SHAO Mihua and ZHU Jinghai |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China2.National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China3.Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China ;Department of Environmental Protection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: With the exploration of island resources towards the sea,many serious environmental problems, such as deterioration of the marine environment, overexploitation of marine resources, etc., have followed due to large scale reclamation projects, offshore fishing and land-sourced pollutant emissions. Therefore, assessing resource and environment carrying capacity for island offshore sea areas has been paid great concern. In this work, an assessment system was built to study the resource and environment carrying capacity of Changxing Island offshore sea area in Liaoning Province for meeting the demand of sustainable development. The results show that it is feasible to build an assessment system using carrying capacity parameters including space resource, ecological environment and disaster as the evaluation index to assess the present status on resource and environment carrying capacity, and thus find the key index that determines the resource and environment carrying capacity for the island offshore sea area. Among them, the index value of coastline development is 0.87, the area ratio of qualified sea water is 0.75 and the average density of fish eggs and larval fish is 4.45 ind/m3,respectively, which all exceed the corresponding grading standards. Based on the results, the development pattern of this island should be further optimized in the future by adopting some methods, such as reserving water channels on reclamation construction, adding fish resources by artificial restocking, adjusting land-sourced outlets and implementing ecological restoration, to gradually improve the carrying capacity on space resource and ecological environment. Although the disaster carrying capacity in this island is lower than the corresponding grading standards, it is still necessary to establish perfect emergency response measures to deal with the sudden disaster events. The assessment system can also be applied on other islands by adjusting the corresponding evaluation index on the basis of this work. |
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