| 干旱区高强度开采地表裂缝对土壤微生物学特性和植物群落的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王锐,马守臣,张合兵,许传阳,郭增长.干旱区高强度开采地表裂缝对土壤微生物学特性和植物群落的影响[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(9):1249-1255. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王锐 马守臣 张合兵 许传阳 郭增长 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院, 国土资源部野外科学观测研究基地, 河南 焦作 454000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41541014)；国家自然科学基金委员会与神华集团有限责任公司联合资助项目(U1261206)；河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目(14A180012) |
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| 摘 要： | 为了研究高强度开采地表裂缝对土壤微生物特性和植物群落的影响,以鄂尔多斯盆地腹地的神府-东胜矿区上湾煤矿开采沉陷区为研究对象,通过野外调查和试验分析裂缝两侧土壤和植物特征.结果表明:裂缝导致其两侧0～120 cm范围内土壤水分和养分流失,距裂缝越近,土壤含水量和w(碱解氮)越低.与距裂缝200 cm处相比,裂缝上0～40 cm范围内土壤含水量和w(碱解氮)分别降低16.8%和29.9%；裂缝下0～40 cm范围内土壤含水量和w(碱解氮)分别降低27.8%和42.2%.地表裂缝显著减少了其两侧0～80 cm范围内土壤中微生物数量,但超过80 cm时则影响不显著.在地表裂缝两侧0～120 cm范围内土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性被显著抑制,但当距离裂缝超过120 cm时,裂缝则对两种土壤酶的活性没有显著影响.地表裂缝还会影响植物含水量,距裂缝越近植物含水量越低.与距裂缝200 cm处的植物含水量相比,在裂缝上、下0～40 cm范围内植物含水量分别降低8.4%、4.5%.地表裂缝通过干扰土壤理化性质和植物对水分的吸收,进而影响其生长,距裂缝两侧0～80 cm范围内草本植物的生物量和盖度显著减少,但超过120 cm时裂缝对植物生物量和盖度的影响不显著.
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| 关 键 词： | 干旱区 高强度开采 地表裂缝 土壤微生物学特性 植物群落 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/1/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/5/11 0:00:00 |
Effects of Surface Cracks Caused by High Intensity Coal Mining on Soil Microbial Characteristics and Plant Communities in Arid Regions |
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| WANG Rui,MA Shouchen,ZHANG Hebing,XU Chuanyang and GUO Zengzhang.Effects of Surface Cracks Caused by High Intensity Coal Mining on Soil Microbial Characteristics and Plant Communities in Arid Regions[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(9):1249-1255. |
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| Authors: | WANG Rui MA Shouchen ZHANG Hebing XU Chuanyang and GUO Zengzhang |
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| Affiliation: | Field Scientific Observation and Research Base of Ministry of Land and Resources, School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract:Coal greatly contributes to the energy supply in China. However,coal mining causes lots of ecological and environmental problems,such as soil surface cracks and vegetation degradation. Investigating the effects of coal mining on the characteristics of soils and plants can provide practical and theoretical values for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in coal mining subsided areas. A field investigation and laboratory analysis experiment were conducted in the subsided area of the Shangwan coal mine in the Shenfu-Dongsheng mining area to explore the effects of surface cracks caused by high intensity coal mining on the characteristics of soils and plants. The results showed that the cracks resulting from coal-mining reduced soil moisture and nutrients from 0-120 cm on both sides of the crack,and soil water and available nitrogen were lower nearer to the crack. Soil water and available nitrogen content in the 0-40 cm area on the upside of the crack were lower than those in 200 cm area from the crack by 16.8% and 29.9%,respectively. The differences on the downside of the crack were 27.8% and 42.2%,respectively. The soil microbial quantity in the 0-80 cm area on both sides of the crack was lower than that beyond the 80 cm area,and the soil enzyme(e.g,urease and sucrose) activity was significantly decreased in the 0-120 cm area on both sides of the crack,which indicated that the crack significantly decreased microbial quantity thereby inhibiting soil enzyme activities. Plant water uptake was also affected by the crack；it showed a trend of low plant water content near the crack,while it was not affected at distances further than 120 cm to the crack. Plant water contents in the 0-40 cm area on both sides of the crack were 8.4% and 4.5% lower than those in 200 cm area,respectively. The crack affected plant growth and decreased plant biomass and coverage by disturbing soil physicochemical property and water uptake of plant in the 0-80 cm area on both sides of the crack,while they were not significantly affected when the distance to the crack was more than 120 cm. According to the results,we concluded that the crack significantly disturbed the spatial soil physical,chemical and biological characteristics,thereby affecting plant community and water status. This study provided a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in coal-mining subsidence area. |
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