| 城镇分布对新安江水系及千岛湖营养盐浓度的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵星辰,许海,俞洁,刘明亮,单亮,程新良,朱广伟,李慧赟,朱梦圆,康丽娟.城镇分布对新安江水系及千岛湖营养盐浓度的影响[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(4):864-876. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵星辰 许海 俞洁 刘明亮 单亮 程新良 朱广伟 李慧赟 朱梦圆 康丽娟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，湖泊与环境国家重点实验室，太湖湖泊生态系统研究站，江苏 南京 210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院野外站联盟项目;杭州市生态环境科学研究院委托项目;杭州市农业与社会发展科研主动设计项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 快速城镇化会加剧地表水体氮磷营养盐的富集，引起水体富营养化问题. 研究城镇分布对河流与湖库氮磷污染特征的影响，分析其污染热点与来源具有重要意义. 于2020年7月—2021年7月调查了新安江水系及千岛湖水体氮磷污染的时空变化特征，分析了水质与土地利用类型的关系，揭示了千岛湖水体氮磷污染的来源. 结果表明:①时间上，新安江水系氮磷浓度季节性变化差异明显. TN浓度表现为冬季枯水期〔(1.96±1.24) mg/L〕>主汛期〔(1.63±0.71) mg/L〕>春汛期〔(1.42±0.49) mg/L〕，TP浓度表现为主汛期〔(0.101±0.049) mg/L〕>冬季枯水期〔(0.067±0.068) mg/L〕>春汛期〔(0.06±0.033) mg/L〕，汛期氮、磷浓度分别是非汛期的1.6和2.4倍. ②空间上，城镇污染对水体营养盐浓度影响显著. 水体流经人口集中、城镇化程度高的屯溪区后，TN、TP、NH4+-N浓度平均增幅分别为86.1%、77.7%和164.4%，干流水体受纳歙县城镇三大支流来水后，TN、TP浓度平均增幅分别为47.6%、70.3%. ③ Spearman相关分析结果表明，5 km缓冲区耕地和建筑用地面积占比与氮磷营养盐各形态浓度之间均存在显著正相关关系，其中建筑用地面积占比对NH4+-N浓度影响较大(R=0.323，P<0.001)，耕地面积占比对NO3?-N影响相对较大(R=0.265，P<0.05). 研究显示，城镇面源污染是新安江水系氮磷污染的主要来源，降雨径流是水体磷富集的主要驱动力，枯水期城镇污染对水体氮浓度的影响较大，在千岛湖营养盐控制中应尤为关注上游城镇污染管控.
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| 关 键 词： | 新安江流域 城镇化 营养盐 面源污染 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-13 |
Impacts of Urban Distribution on Nutrient Concentrations in Xin'an River and Qiandaohu Reservoir |
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| ZHAO Xingchen,XU Hai,YU Jie,LIU Mingliang,SHAN Liang,CHENG Xinliang,ZHU Guangwei,LI Huiyun,ZHU Mengyuan,KANG Lijuan.Impacts of Urban Distribution on Nutrient Concentrations in Xin'an River and Qiandaohu Reservoir[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2022,35(4):864-876. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Xingchen XU Hai YU Jie LIU Mingliang SHAN Liang CHENG Xinliang ZHU Guangwei LI Huiyun ZHU Mengyuan KANG Lijuan |
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| Abstract: | Rapid urbanization will lead to serious nutrient pollution and eutrophication of surface water. Therefore, it is important to trace nitrogen and phosphorus pollution hot spots and sources to control and manage water quality in those areas. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the mainstream of Xin'an River and Qiandaohu Reservoir were investigated simultaneously from July 2020 to July 2021. The temporal and spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the inflow rivers and their response to field urban distribution were analyzed to explore influencing factors and hot spots of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. The results are as follows: (1) Nutrient concentrations varied seasonally. For TN concentration, the highest value was observed in winter ((1.96±1.24) mg/L), the intermediate and the lowest values occurred in the main flood season ((1.63±0.71) mg/L) and spring flood season ((1.42±0.49) mg/L), respectively. In contrast, TP concentration in flood season ((0.101±0.049) mg/L) was higher than that in winter ((0.067±0.068) mg/L). The nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the flood season were 1.6 and 2.4 times higher than those in the non-flood season, respectively. (2) Urban pollution had a significant impact on nutrient concentrations. TN, TP and NH4+-N increased by 86.1%, 77.7% and 164.4%, respectively after the river flowed through Tunxi area with high population concentration and urbanization degree. Furthermore, after the mainstream received three tributaries in Shexian Town, TN and TP concentrations increased by 47.6% and 70.3%, respectively. (3) The Spearman correlation analysis showed that agricultural and residential land proportion in the 5 km buffer area were positively correlated with nutrient concentrations. NH4+-N and NO3?-N were mostly affected by agricultural land ratio (R=0.323, P<0.001) and the proportion of residential land (R=0.265, P<0.05), respectively. The research revealed that urban non-point source pollution was the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus in Xin'an River system, runoff was the main driving force of phosphorus enrichment, while urban pollution had a greater impact on nitrogen concentration in dry season. Therefore, nutrient reduction in Qiandaohu Reservoir should focus on the pollution sources of the towns in the upper reaches of the lake, especially non-point source pollution. |
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