| 基于遥感数据的秸秆焚烧源排放清单及时空分布特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 张思,刘志红,佟洪金,马思源,王楚钦.基于遥感数据的秸秆焚烧源排放清单及时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(4):627-635. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张思 刘志红 佟洪金 马思源 王楚钦 |
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| 作者单位： | 云南省气象信息中心,云南 昆明,650034;成都信息工程大学,四川 成都,610225;四川省环境保护科学研究院,四川 成都,610041;云南省气候中心,云南 昆明,650034 |
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| 基金项目： | 四川省环境保护重大科技专项项目（No.2013HBZX03） |
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| 摘 要： | 分析秸秆焚烧事件引起的空气污染状况，常使用CMAQ、NAQPMS、WRF-CHEM等模型进行空气质量模拟，而污染源排放清单是模拟模型的关键输入.为满足模型清单输入要求，以2014年5月7日四川盆地内发生的一次由油菜秸秆焚烧引起的重污染事件为例，采用排放因子法进行污染物年排放量估算，结合卫星火点数据、土地利用数据对其进行空间特征分析，并使用Bluesky CONSUME模型估算了污染物的烟羽抬升，结合激光雷达获取了气溶胶消光系数以分析其时间特征.结果表明:以2013年为基准年，全年区域内CO、NOx、SO2、PM2.5、PM10及NMVOC（非甲烷挥发性有机化合物）的年排放量分别为5 791.022、193.842、43.268、574.602、1 495.350和1 495.350 t，成都市、德阳市、绵阳市、眉山市、资阳市各污染物排放量占比分别为13.90%、22.39%、31.81%、12.11%、19.79%.各污染物排放量均在地面层呈3个大值中心、2个空值带的分布趋势.采用环境1B卫星和MODIS火点数据结合提取焚烧火点分析发现，5月7日四川盆地内5个城市均存在不同程度的秸秆焚烧情况.经空间分配后发现，此次排放的重点在德阳市及绵阳市南部，污染物排放量最大值出现在德阳市中部，成都市秸秆焚烧火点最少，污染物排放量也最小.受当天大气边界层高度的影响，污染物垂直分布主要集中在35 m以下，并在30 m左右形成污染物极大层.另外，受秸秆焚烧管制影响，在16:00-翌日04:00排放量呈逐渐上升趋势，09:00-16:00排放量较少.研究显示，秸秆焚烧源排放清单与前人研究结果较为一致，排放清单的烟羽抬升结果与气溶胶消光系数的垂直分布较为吻合.
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| 关 键 词： | 遥感数据 秸秆焚烧源排放清单 时空分布 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/5/2 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/1/15 0:00:00 |
Emission Inventory of Crop Straw Field Burning and Its Temporal and Spatial Allocation based on Remote Sensing Data |
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| ZHANG Si,LIU Zhihong,TONG Hongjin,MA Siyuan and WANG Chuqin.Emission Inventory of Crop Straw Field Burning and Its Temporal and Spatial Allocation based on Remote Sensing Data[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(4):627-635. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Si LIU Zhihong TONG Hongjin MA Siyuan and WANG Chuqin |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Yunnan Meteorological Information Center, Kunming 650034, China2.College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China3.Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China4.Yunnan Climate Center, Kunming 650034, China |
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| Abstract: | To analyze the air pollution caused by straw burning, CMAQ/NAQPMS/WRF-CHEM models are often used for air quality simulations and the emission inventory is the key input of the simulation models. To meet the input requirements of the air quality models, we conducted this study by taking a heavy pollution incident caused by a rape straw open burning happened in Sichuan Basin on May 7th 2014 as a case. The emission factor method was adopted to estimate the annual emission. The burning point data retrieved from Satellite and the land use data were used to analyze the spatial features. The Bluesky CONSUME model was used to estimate the plume uplift of pollutants. Finally, the aerosol extinction coefficient gained by laser radar was used to analyze the temporal features. Taking 2013 as our base year, the results showed that the total emissions of CO, NOx, SO2, PM2.5, PM10 and NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) in the region were 5791.022, 193.842, 43.268, 574.602, 1495.350 and 1495.350 t. The emissions of different kinds of pollutants in Chengdu City, Deyang City, Mianyang City, Meishan City and Ziyang City accounted for 13.90%, 22.39%, 31.81%, 12.11% and 19.79% of the total emissions respectively. The emissions of different kinds of pollutants show a trend of three large-value centers with two null zones on the ground. The burning points extracted by two satellite data (HJ-1B and MODIS) showed that there were various degrees of straw burning in 5 cities in the basin on May 7th. After spatial allocation, the key emission areas were in the southern part of Deyang City and Mianyang City, and the maximum emissions were in the central part of Deyang City. As for Chengdu City, the straw burning points were the least and so were the emissions. Effected by the height of the atmospheric boundary layer on that day, the vertical distribution of pollutants was mainly concentrated below 35 m, and the maximum layer of pollutant was formed around 30 m. Due to the control of straw burning, the emissions gradually increased from 16:00 to 04:00 of next day and decreased from 09:00 to 16:00. The study shows that the estimates are consistent with the straw burning list of previous studies, and the plume uplift results of the emission inventory are consistent with the vertical distribution of the aerosol extinction coefficient. |
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| Keywords: | remote sensing data straw burning emission inventory spatial and temporal distribution |
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