| 典型肥料生产场地氨氮分布特征及风险控制目标确定 |
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| 引用本文： | 谢雨呈,谭长银,张朝,王积才,王梅,杨敏,郭观林.典型肥料生产场地氨氮分布特征及风险控制目标确定[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(3):465-474. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谢雨呈 谭长银 张朝 王积才 王梅 杨敏 郭观林 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南 长沙 410081;中国环境科学研究院土壤与固废环境研究所,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京 100012;湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南 长沙,410081;中国环境科学研究院土壤与固废环境研究所,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（No.41571311） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究肥料生产场地的NH3-N（氨氮）分布特征及环境风险，以我国某肥料生产场地为研究对象，在场地调查基础上，对场地土壤和地下水NH3-N的空间分布进行分析，并以人体健康和场地地下水为保护对象分别讨论了土壤NH3-N风险控制目标值的计算方法.结果表明:①目标场地土壤中w（NH3-N）为0.03~15 000 mg/kg，水平方向上高值区集中分布于核心生产区及原辅料堆场，垂向上总体表现为由上至下随深度增加呈先逐步升高后降低的趋势，并且富集于人工填土与原状粉质黏土交界处，粉质黏土阻碍NH3-N向下迁移，并随地层结构变化其迁移深度不同.②场地上层滞水和潜水中ρ（NH3-N）分别为19.10~3 320和0.03~219 mg/L，超标率分别为100%和57.89%，并且地下水与土壤的NH3-N在水平空间分布上具有重叠特征.③因NH3-N主要通过呼吸吸入挥发性气体产生暴露，并且仅有经呼吸暴露的毒性参数，故采用《污染场地风险评估技术导则》中经呼吸暴露途径的非致癌效应风险控制值计算模型来计算土壤NH3-N的控制目标，通过代入场地实测土壤Kd（土-水分配系数），得到居住用地下的土壤NH3-N控制目标值为9 195 mg/kg；若考虑保护地下水水质安全，据三相或两相平衡模型耦合NH3-N在包气带衰减和地下水稀释作用，当目标场地地表无积水的入渗条件下得到的控制目标值为6 203 mg/kg；当地层从上至下呈饱和含水条件时，土壤NH3-N控制目标为811 mg/kg.计算值可用作不同场地进行土壤NH3-N风险管控的参考目标，实际应用中可结合不同地块环境条件、不同受体和保护目标，选择相应的风险控制值对场地进行风险管控.此外，土壤和地下水的NH3-N污染控制均可考虑采用工程措施和制度控制来进行.
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| 关 键 词： | 污染场地 土壤 地下水 氨氮 污染特征 控制目标值 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/7/10 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/9/6 0:00:00 |
Characteristics of Ammonia-Nitrogen Distribution and Determination of Risk Control Targets at an Abandoned Fertilizer Production Site |
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| XIE Yucheng,TAN Changyin,ZHANG Chao,WANG Jicai,WANG Mei,YANG Min and GUO Guanlin.Characteristics of Ammonia-Nitrogen Distribution and Determination of Risk Control Targets at an Abandoned Fertilizer Production Site[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(3):465-474. |
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| Authors: | XIE Yucheng TAN Changyin ZHANG Chao WANG Jicai WANG Mei YANG Min and GUO Guanlin |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Department of Soil Pollution and Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | To explore the pollution characteristics and environmental risks of ammonia-nitrogen at fertilizer production sites, the concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen in the soil and groundwater of an abandoned fertilizer factory were analyzed. The control target values for soil ammonia-nitrogen were calculated by considering the protection of human health and groundwater, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of the soil ammonia-nitrogen at the site were between 0.03 and 15,000 mg/kg. The abnormally high pollution areas were in the central production areas and material storage areas. The vertical distribution of ammonia-nitrogen in the soil showed a trend of gradually increasing and then decreasing with the increase of depth in the profile. At different migration depths, the peak concentration of ammonia-nitrogen always appeared at the interface between the upper artificial fill and the undisturbed silty clay. The fine silty clay prevented the ammonia-nitrogen from migrating downward, and the ammonia-nitrogen had different migration depths as a result of the change of stratigraphic texture. Moreover, the site was subjected to heavy groundwater pollution of ammonia-nitrogen. The concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen in perched water and phreatic water were 19.10-3,320 and 0.03-219 mg/L, respectively, which was 100% and 57.89% above the contamination limits, respectively. According to the layout of the original factory, the ammonia-nitrogen pollution of groundwater and soil had similar spatial distribution patterns. Because currently only toxicity parameters of inhalation exposure route were available for ammonia-nitrogen, the control target of soil ammonia-nitrogen was calculated by using the calculation model of the non-cancer effect risk control value by considering only the inhalation exposure route in the Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites. Using site-specific measured the soil-water distribution coefficient (Kd), the control target value of ammonia-nitrogen in the soil was determined to be 9195 mg/kg based on an assumption of residential land use scenario. With regard to the protection of groundwater quality, the soil control target values were calculated using the three-or two-phase equilibrium coupled groundwater dilution model and the decay process within unsaturated zone. Depending on the scenario assumptions that there was a surface ponding or not, the control target values were 6203 and 818 mg/kg, respectively. Different control target values should be selected according to the different environmental conditions, and both soil and groundwater should be controlled by means of engineering measures and institutional control. |
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| Keywords: | contaminated site soil groundwater ammonia-nitrogen pollution characteristics control target value |
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