| 对首要污染物所揭示的京津冀环境空气质量状况的认识启迪与对策建议 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 郦嘉诚,高庆先,李亮,郑有飞,高文康.对首要污染物所揭示的京津冀环境空气质量状况的认识启迪与对策建议[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(10):1651-1661. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 郦嘉诚 高庆先 李亮 郑有飞 高文康 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1.南京信息工程大学, 江苏 南京 210044 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项（No.20150904，20150940）；云南省交通厅科技计划项目（云交科教[2016]160号-（三）） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 利用中国环境监测总站发布的实时大气环境监测资料，选择京津冀地区8个城市（北京市、天津市、石家庄市、保定市、唐山市、邢台市、邯郸市和秦皇岛市）57个站点为研究对象，对2015年该地区AQI（环境空气质量指数）及其首要污染物日报和实时报特征进行综合分析与评估.结果表明:①京津冀地区8个城市空气质量等级日报的首要污染物主要是PM2.5，其中邯郸市以PM2.5为首要污染物日数占比（即出现日数占全年总天数的比例）最高，为90%；北京市最小，为50%；其余城市在70%左右.以O3为首要污染物日数占比较高的是北京市和保定市，超过20%；秦皇岛市最小，为2.8%.以NO2为首要污染物日数占比较高的是秦皇岛市，为10.6%.②京津冀地区8个城市AQI实时报中以O3为首要污染物的情况最多不超过10%，几乎没有以NO2为首要污染物的情况；但在AQI日报中，以O3为首要污染物的日数占比最高的可达26%，以NO2为首要污染物的日数占比高达11%.③以2015年北京市奥体中心站点为例，当AQI日报仅以NO2为首要污染物时（23 d），空气质量等级日报均为良的情况主要发生在1-3月和10-12月；然而同期AQI实时报白天（08:00-16:00）空气质量等级均呈现优、良，而夜晚（16:00以后）ρ（PM2.5）为中度和重度污染等级；当AQI日报仅以O3为首要污染物时（55 d），空气质量等级日报均为良的情况主要发生在4月和7-8月；同期，尽管AQI实时报中ρ（PM2.5）日变化差异不明显，但ρ（PM2.5）达到中度和重度污染等级的时段明显增多，且峰值多出现在10:00左右.④导致AQI日报和实时报结果差异的主要原因是在计算实时AQI时颗粒物质量浓度标准仅参考ρ（PM2.5）和ρ（PM10）24 h限值，这将会导致不确定性及滞后性.研究显示，在全国已有5 a长时间监测数据的基础上，有必要对AQI等内容开展深入研究，以加强对标准及其相关指南和规定的修改与完善工作.
|
| 关 键 词： | 京津冀 大气环境 空气质量指数 首要污染物 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/1/16 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/5/2 0:00:00 |
Enlightenment and Suggestions on the Air Quality of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Revealed by Primary Pollutants |
| |
| LI Jiacheng,GAO Qingxian,LI Liang,ZHENG Youfei and GAO Wenkang.Enlightenment and Suggestions on the Air Quality of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Revealed by Primary Pollutants[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(10):1651-1661. |
| |
| Authors: | LI Jiacheng GAO Qingxian LI Liang ZHENG Youfei and GAO Wenkang |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1.Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China2.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China3.Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China4.China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China5.State Key Laboratory of Atmopheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China |
| |
| Abstract: | The real-time monitoring data of air pollutant concentrations were released by the Chinese Environmental Monitoring Center. Eight cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Tangshan, Xingtai, Handan and Qinhuangdao) were choosen as the research subjects in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Analysis results of the daily and real-time Air Quality Index (AQI) and primary pollutants in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in 2015 showed that:(1) PM2.5 was the daily primary pollutant in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The highest proportion of 90% was found in Handan City, the minimum proportion of 50% was found in Beijing City, and an average proportion of 70% was found in the rest of the cities. The number of days with O3 as the main pollutant was highest in Beijing City and Baoding City, accounting for more than 20%; the least in Qinhuangdao City was 2.8%; NO2 was the primary pollutant which accounted for the highest proportion of 10.6% in Qinhuangdao City. (2) O3 was the most important pollutant in the real-time air quality index, which is not more than 10%, but the highest proportion of O3 as the primary pollutant was 26% in the daily AQI. There was almost no NO2 found as the primary pollutant in the real-time air quality index, however, NO2 accounted for 11% of the primary pollutants. (3) Using the 'Beijing Olympic Sports Center Site' as an example, when the primary pollutant was only NO2 in daily AQI (23 d), which mainly occurred between March 1st and December 10th, the daily air quality levels were 'Moderate'. At the same time, the real-time air quality grades were 'Good' and 'Moderate' between 08:00 and 16:00, but ρ(PM2.5) after 16:00 there was 'Severe pollution'; when the primary pollutant was only O3 in Daily AQI (55 d), which mainly occurred in April, July and August, the daily air quality level was 'Moderate', simultaneously in the real-time AQI, ρ(PM2.5) diurnal differences were not obvious, for of ρ(PM2.5) to 'Moderate' and 'Severe pollution' level time increased, and peak pollution levels appeared at 10:00. (4) The main reason for the different results between the daily AQI and the real-time AQI was the difference in the method of the AQI calculation, which is the calculation of real-time AQI refers only to the PM2.5 and PM10 24 h concentration limits. These would lead to uncertainty and hysteresis. The five long-term monitoring datasets showed that it is necessary to carry out in-depth research and strengthen the revision and improvement of standards and related guidelines and regulations. |
| |
| Keywords: | Beijing-Tianjin-Heibei atmospheric environment AQI primary pollutant |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《环境科学研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《环境科学研究》下载全文 |
|
