| 曹妃甸采暖期和非采暖期PM2.5中不同重金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 方波,曾豪,张磊,郝珂璐,王雅慧,郝玉兰,王学生,王茜,曹向可.曹妃甸采暖期和非采暖期PM2.5中不同重金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2020,33(12):2785-2793. |
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| 作者姓名： | 方波 曾豪 张磊 郝珂璐 王雅慧 郝玉兰 王学生 王茜 曹向可 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210 |
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| 基金项目： | 河北省卫生计生委项目（No.20170893）；唐山市科技计划项目（No.19130209g） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨曹妃甸采暖期和非采暖期PM2.5中Cr、Pb、As和Cd元素的污染特征、来源及健康风险，以华北理工大学曹妃甸校区为研究地点，于2017年12月—2018年10月采集98份PM2.5样品.利用重量法测定空气中PM2.5浓度，使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析PM2.5中4种重金属元素(Cr、Pb、As和Cd)的浓度；采用Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U检验比较采暖期与非采暖期，以及PM2.5超标日与非超标日各元素含量的差异，利用Kruskal-Wallis H检验法比较不同PM2.5浓度分级下4种金属元素浓度差异，用PMF(正定矩阵因子分解)模型对4种重金属元素的来源及贡献率进行解析，并用美国环境保护局推荐的人体暴露健康风险评价模型进行健康风险评估.结果表明:①曹妃甸采暖期PM2.5及Pb、As和Cd浓度均高于非采暖期，而Cr浓度略低于非采暖期.②PM2.5超标日Pb、As和Cd浓度均高于非超标日，不同PM2.5浓度级别下Pb、As和Cd浓度有所差异，且Pb、As和Cd浓度随PM2.5浓度的增加而增加.③PMF模型源解析表明，燃煤源及交通源是曹妃甸采暖期PM2.5金属元素主要来源，二者贡献率分别为50.4%和31.7%；工业源及交通源是非采暖期PM2.5金属元素的主要来源，二者贡献率分别为47.4%和37.0%.④健康风险评价结果表明，采暖期和非采暖期4种重金属元素的非致癌风险值均小于1.采暖期3种致癌性重金属(Cr、As和Cd)对成年男性、成年女性和儿童青少年的致癌风险均高于人类可接受风险水平(1×10-6)；非采暖期Cr和As对成年男性、成年女性和儿童青少年的致癌风险均高于人类可接受风险水平；重金属非致癌风险(Cr、Pb、As和Cd)和致癌风险(Cr、As和Cd)指数高低均呈成年男性>成年女性>儿童青少年的特征.研究显示，在采暖期和非采暖期曹妃甸PM2.5中Pb、As和Cd浓度随PM2.5浓度的增加而增加，燃煤源和工业源是其主要来源，Cr、As和Cd对人群存在一定的致癌风险.
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| 关 键 词： | PM2.5 金属元素 污染特征 健康风险评价 曹妃甸 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/1/6 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/7/14 0:00:00 |
Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals in PM2.5 during Heating Period and Non-Heating Period in Caofeidian |
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| FANG Bo,ZENG Hao,ZHANG Lei,HAO Kelu,WANG Yahui,HAO Yulan,WANG Xuesheng,WANG Qian,CAO Xiangke.Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals in PM2.5 during Heating Period and Non-Heating Period in Caofeidian[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(12):2785-2793. |
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| Authors: | FANG Bo ZENG Hao ZHANG Lei HAO Kelu WANG Yahui HAO Yulan WANG Xuesheng WANG Qian CAO Xiangke |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China2.College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, As and Cd) in PM2.5 during heating and non-heating periods in Caofeidian, PM2.5 samples (n=98) were collected from December 2017 to October 2018 on the Caofeidian campus of North China University of Science and Technology. The mass concentration of PM2.5 was determined by gravimetric method, and the content of the heavy metals in PM2.5 was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference of the heavy metal contents in different periods. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the difference of four heavy metal concentrations at different PM2.5 concentrations. PMF (positive definite matrix factorization) model was used to analyze the sources and contribution rates of the four heavy metals, and health risk assessment was carried out using the human exposure health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that: (1) The concentrations of PM2.5, Pb, As and Cd in the heating period were higher than those in the non-heating period. Compared with non-heating period, the concentration of Cr was slightly lower in heating period. (2) The concentrations of Pb, As and Cd exceeded the standard day were higher than that of the non-standard day. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the variation trend of Pb, As and Cd was consistent with that of PM2.5. (3) The source apportionment indicated that coal burning, and traffic were the main sources of heavy metals in PM2.5 during heating period, accounting for 50.4% and 31.7%, respectively. The contributions of industrial and traffic in non-heating period were 47.4% and 37.0%, respectively. (4) The health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic risk values of the four heavy metals were less than 1 in both the heating and non-heating periods. The carcinogenic risk of three carcinogenic heavy metals (Cr, As and Cd) to adult males, adult females, children and adolescents was higher than the human acceptable risk level (1×10-6) during the heating period. Besides, the carcinogenic risk of Cr and As for adult males, adult females, children and adolescents was higher than 1×10-6 during the non-heating period. The orders of risk index of the non-carcinogenic risk (Cr, Pb, As and Cd) and the carcinogenic (Cr, As and Cd) were adult males > adult females > children and adolescents. This study revealed that the concentration of Pb, As and Cd increased with the increase of PM2.5 concentration during the heating and non-heating periods in Caofeidian. Coal-burning sources and industrial sources were the main sources of PM2.5-bound heavy metals. Cr, As and Cd posed a certain carcinogenic risk to the population. |
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| Keywords: | PM2 5 metal element pollution characteristics health risk assessment Caofeidian |
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