| 微生物菌剂对堆肥功能微生物重构的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘东明,孟繁华,郝艳,侯佳奇,叶美瀛,李鸣晓,席北斗.微生物菌剂对堆肥功能微生物重构的影响[J].环境科学研究,2020,33(9):2011-2019. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘东明 孟繁华 郝艳 侯佳奇 叶美瀛 李鸣晓 席北斗 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（No.51708530） |
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| 摘 要： | 堆肥产品不仅可以作为有机肥或土壤改良剂，还可以在包气带土层防护地下水污染的过程中起到微生物载体的作用.在堆肥中接种菌剂能够加速堆肥进程，促进堆肥材料的腐熟，但是也有研究认为接种剂与堆肥土著微生物的竞争会导致菌剂无法发挥作用.为了阐明菌剂与土著微生物之间的相互作用，采用宏蛋白质组学方法，分析餐厨垃圾堆肥接菌组（木质纤维素混合菌剂）和对照组（未接菌）中功能微生物群落和碳水化合物代谢途径的变化.结果表明:接菌组中假单胞菌目（Pseudomonadales）和散囊菌纲（Eurotiomycetes）菌群的相对丰度比对照组分别提高了12.5%和22.0%，成为优势细菌和真菌，二者在碳水化合物代谢活性上也成为优势菌群.菌剂主要是由芽孢杆菌目（Bacillales）和散囊菌纲的曲霉（Aspergillus）组成，曲霉因具有堆肥系统所需的木质纤维素分解能力而成为优势真菌，而菌剂中的芽孢杆菌虽然数量较多，但是缺乏堆肥系统所需的功能而无法成为优势细菌.餐厨垃圾中易降解物质分解过程中产生的有机酸会导致酸性环境，对照组中能够适应酸性环境的芽孢杆菌目和酵母菌纲（Saccharomycetes）是优势群落，添加菌剂后，堆肥系统中土著的假单胞菌目和散囊菌纲具有较高的碳水化合物代谢活性和多种有机酸转化通路，因此在与菌剂中的芽孢杆菌目和土著的芽孢杆菌及酵母菌的竞争中成为优势菌群.研究显示，外源菌剂与土著微生物之间以及各土著微生物之间都会发生竞争作用，能否成为优势菌群取决于是否适应堆肥底物新陈代谢的变化，因此只要选择好菌剂的功能和接种时机，菌剂就能够发挥原有的作用.
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| 关 键 词： | 堆肥 微生物菌剂 宏蛋白质组学 碳水化合物代谢 木质纤维素分解 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/12/23 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/5/7 0:00:00 |
Effect of Microbial Agent on Reconstruction of Functional Microbes in Compost |
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| LIU Dongming,MENG Fanhua,HAO Yan,HOU Jiaqi,YE Meiying,LI Mingxiao,XI Beidou.Effect of Microbial Agent on Reconstruction of Functional Microbes in Compost[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(9):2011-2019. |
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| Authors: | LIU Dongming MENG Fanhua HAO Yan HOU Jiaqi YE Meiying LI Mingxiao XI Beidou |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Research Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | Compost products could be used as organic fertilizer or soil conditioner, and could play an important role in the protection of groundwater as microbial carrier in the vadose zone. The present study is aimed at exploring the mechanism of microbial agents for improving the composting process. Metaproteomics was employed to investigate the influence of microbial agents on the structure of functional microbial communities and carbohydrate metabolism in food waste composting. The results showed that the relative abundance of order Pseudomonadales and class Eurotiomycetes increased by 12.5% and 22.0% respectively, and they replaced Bacilli and Saccharomycetes as dominant microbial communities with respect to total protein abundance and carbohydrate metabolic activity in the treatment group. The microbial agent was composed of Aspergillus and order Bacillales, and the Aspergillus was the main player in lignocellulose decomposition in food waste composting. This suggested that the Aspergillus became the dominant communities due to its roles in lignocellulose degradation, whereas the order Bacillales could not become the dominant bacteria because of competition interaction between microbial agent and indigenous microorganisms. The organic acids produced by decomposition of easily degradable organic matter in food waste could result in an acidic environment. In the control group, the Bacilli and Saccharomycetes were able to adapt to the acidic conditions and became the dominant communities. Whereas in the treatment group, the indigenous Pseudomonadales and Eurotiomycetes had high carbohydrate metabolic activity and various metabolic pathways of organic acids, so they replaced Bacilli and Saccharomycetes as dominant communities. The effectiveness of exogenous microbial agents and indigenous microorganisms depends on their adaptation to the metabolism in the composting process. |
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| Keywords: | compost microbial agent metaproteomics carbohydrate metabolism lignocellulose degradation |
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