| 贵州高原普定水库水环境重金属的时空分布特征及风险评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 旷攀,李秋华,金爽,马一明,潘少朴.贵州高原普定水库水环境重金属的时空分布特征及风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(3):576-588. |
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| 作者姓名： | 旷攀 李秋华 金爽 马一明 潘少朴 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.贵州师范大学, 贵州省山地环境信息系统和生态环境保护重点实验室, 贵州 贵阳 550001 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（No.U1612442）；贵州省科技厅项目（No.黔科合平台人才[2020]6009）；贵州省教育厅项目（No.黔教合KY字[2017]032） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解乌江上游普定水库水环境中重金属污染水平及其污染程度，于2018年对普定水库表层水体以及表层沉积物6种重金属（Hg、As、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb）含量及其时空分布进行了研究，并分别采用综合污染指数评价法、地积累指数评价法和潜在生态风险指数法对表层水体和表层沉积物的污染程度和生态风险进行了评价.结果表明:①普定水库表层水体ρ（Hg）、ρ（As）、ρ（Cu）、ρ（Ni）、ρ（Cd）、ρ（Pb）的范围分别为（0.004±0.003）（0.050±0.044）（4.225±3.117）（18.343±17.093）（0.845±0.739）（6.155±5.747）μg/L，其中ρ（Hg）、ρ（As）、ρ（Ni）、ρ（Cd）、ρ（Pb）在季节性变化上具有相似规律，均表现为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季，ρ（DO）与ρ（Hg）、ρ（As）和ρ（Cu）均呈显著相关，说明这3种重金属含量可能受到ρ（DO）影响.②普定水库表层沉积物w（Hg）、w（As）、w（Cu）、w（Ni）、w（Cd）、w（Pb）的范围分别为（0.06±0.02）（14.75±4.88）（166.60±74.74）（87.43±51.18）（1.89±0.26）（206.34±110.33）mg/kg，其中w（Pb）、w（Cd）和w（Cu）平均值分别为贵州省土壤元素背景值的6.0、5.8和5.0倍；重金属含量沿程分布特征存在季节性差异，w（Cd）、w（Pb）、w（Hg）、w（Cu）、w（Ni）在秋冬季最高，w（Cd）、w（Pb）、w（Hg）沿程逐渐升高，在大坝口达到最高值，呈现出明显的空间分布特征，表明从上游到下游重金属污染逐渐严重.③采用综合污染指数法分析表明，普定水库水质未受到重金属污染；采用地累积指数法评价表明，普定水库表层沉积物以Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd污染为主；潜在生态风险指数法表明，Cd和Pb具有较高的风险值，是普定水库重金属生态风险的主要来源.研究显示，普定水库水环境主要受外源污染，矿山开采以及冶炼活动可能是造成重金属含量较高的主要原因之一，因此需要加强普定水库水环境重金属综合治理，尤其是对Cd和Pb污染的治理.
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| 关 键 词： | 水环境 重金属 时空分布 生态风险 普定水库 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/2/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/10/13 0:00:00 |
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water Environment of Puding Reservoir in Guizhou Province and Risk Assessment |
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| KUANG Pan,LI Qiuhu,JIN Shuang,MA Yiming,PAN Shaopu.Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water Environment of Puding Reservoir in Guizhou Province and Risk Assessment[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2021,34(3):576-588. |
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| Authors: | KUANG Pan LI Qiuhu JIN Shuang MA Yiming PAN Shaopu |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China2.International Joint Research Center for Water Ecology, Guizhou International Cooperative Research Base, Guiyang 550001, China |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to evaluate the distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in the water environment of Puding Reservoir in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River. The spatiotemporal distribution and content of six heavy metals (Hg, As, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb) in the sediments were investigated in 2018. The comprehensive pollution index, geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to determine the general pollution characteristics of the trace metals in surface water and sediments. The results indicated: (1) The contents of Hg, As, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb in the surface water of Puding Reservoir were (0.004±0.003)(0.050±0.044)(4.225±3.117)(18.343±17.093)(0.845±0.739) and (6.155±5.747)μg/L, respectively. Among them, the concentrations of Hg, As, Ni, Cd, Pb had similar patterns in seasonal variation, which displayed as winter > autumn > spring > summer. The content of DO was significantly correlated with Hg, As and Cu, which indicated that the concentrations of some heavy metals could be affected by DO. (2) The contents of Hg, As, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb in the surface sediments of Puding Reservoir were (0.06±0.02)(14.75±4.88)(166.60±74.74)(87.43±51.18)(1.89±0.26) and (206.34±110.33)mg/kg, respectively. Among them, the average contents of Pb, Cd, and Cu were respectively 6.0, 5.8, 5.0 times of the soil background value in Guizhou Province. There were seasonal differences in the distribution of heavy metal content along the course. The contents of Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, and Ni were the highest in autumn and winter. The contents of Cd, Pb, Hg and other elements gradually increased from upstream to downstream. When it reached the maximum value, it showed obvious spatial distribution characteristics, indicating that heavy metal pollution along the route gradually increased. (3) The integrated pollution index method showed that the water quality of Puding Reservoir was good, and it was not polluted by heavy metals. The Geo-accumulation index method showed that the surface sediments of Puding Reservoir were polluted mainly by Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd. The potential ecological risk index method indicated that Cd and Pb had higher risk values and were the main source of ecological risk of heavy metals in Puding Reservoir. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of Cd and Pb in the treatment of heavy metals in Puding Reservoir. According to the results of heavy metal assessment, the heavy metal pollution in the water environment of Puding Reservoir was mainly caused by external pollution. Mining and smelting activities may be one of the main reasons for the high content of heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive treatment of heavy metals in the water environment of Puding Reservoir, especially Cd and Pb pollution. |
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| Keywords: | water environment heavy metal temporal and spatial distribution ecological risk Puding Reservoir |
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