| 武汉城市污水中微塑料的分离、鉴定及其微观特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐舟影,陈奥飞,赵胤祺,张中戬,班宜辉,王锦一,黄思唯,刘昊.武汉城市污水中微塑料的分离、鉴定及其微观特征分析[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(3):637-645. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐舟影 陈奥飞 赵胤祺 张中戬 班宜辉 王锦一 黄思唯 刘昊 |
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| 作者单位： | 武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,湖北 武汉 430070;武汉理工大学化学化工与生命科学学院,湖北 武汉 430070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（No.31800420）；湖北省自然科学基金项目（No.2018CFB126）；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（No.201910497089） |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究武汉城市污水中微塑料的分布特点及其表面形貌特征，采用以连续浮选分离装置为基础进行改进设计的微塑料提取装置对污水中微塑料进行分离，通过用65%硝酸和30%过氧化氢混合液（体积比为1:3）对污水样品进行消解，并采用筛网（300、600、1 000目）（100目=0.147 mm）和滤膜（1 μm玻璃纤维滤膜和20 nm氧化铝滤膜）分离技术建立起对水体微塑料和纳米塑料的分离富集方法.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜-X射能谱分析联用（SEM-EDS）等方法对所提取微塑料颗粒的组成成分、赋存特征、表面形貌特征进行分析.结果表明:①提取装置的平均回收率在92%以上.②污水中微塑料类型主要为碎片类、泡沫类、薄膜类和纤维类.③FTIR结果证实，该方法所提取的微塑料颗粒中有聚乙烯、聚丙烯等成分，且发现了羰基、聚酯类物质存在，说明提取到的微塑料中可能有可降解塑料颗粒.④SEM-EDS结果显示，各类微塑料表面粗糙、撕裂程度不同，存在不同程度的风化痕迹，并在其表面发现Si、Cu、O、Al、Na、Ca、Ba等元素的富集.研究显示:改进的微塑料分离方法能够实现对污水中微塑料的高效提取；同时，明确了武汉城市污水微塑料的表面形貌特征及赋存特征，为未来武汉城市污水中微塑料污染的针对性治理提供理论依据.
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| 关 键 词： | 微塑料 分离浮选 微观特征 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR) 扫描电镜-X射能谱分析联用(SEM-EDS) |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/3/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/7/22 0:00:00 |
Separation, Identification and Microscopic Characteristics Analysis of Microplastics in Wuhan Municipal Sewage |
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| XU Zhouying,CHEN Aofei,ZHAO Yinqi,ZHANG Zhongjian,BAN Yihui,WANG Jinyi,HUANG Siwei,LIU Hao.Separation, Identification and Microscopic Characteristics Analysis of Microplastics in Wuhan Municipal Sewage[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2021,34(3):637-645. |
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| Authors: | XU Zhouying CHEN Aofei ZHAO Yinqi ZHANG Zhongjian BAN Yihui WANG Jinyi HUANG Siwei LIU Hao |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China2.School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to study the distribution and surface microscopic characteristics of microplastics in municipal sewage of Wuhan City, a self-improved microplastic extraction device, which was improved on the basis of the continuous flotation separation device, was used to separate the microplastics in the municipal sewage. Separation and enrichment methods of microplastics and nanoplastics were established based on the digestion of sewage samples with a mixed solution of 65% nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide with the volume ratio of 1∶3, and a separation technology using three sieves with 300, 600, and 1 000 mesh (the size of 100 mesh screen: 0.147 mm) and filter membranes including glass fiber filter membrane with 1 μm pore size and alumina microfiltration membrane with 20 nm pore size. The analysis of composition, occurrence characteristics and surface morphological properties of microplastics was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope-X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Results showed that: (1) The average recovery of microplastics by this method was higher than 92%. (2) The microplastics in the sewage samples mainly included fragments, foams, films and fibers. (3) According to the results of FTIR, the microplastic particles extracted by this method contained polyethylene, polypropylene, carbonyl compounds and polyester substances, indicating that the extracted microplastics might contain degradable plastic particles. (4) SEM-EDS analysis indicated that the microplastic surface had different degrees of roughness, tearing and weathering marks, and contained Si, Cu, O, Al, Na, Ca, Ba and other elements. Therefore, the improved method used in this study can efficiently extract microplastics from sewage. The results of this study clarified the surface morphological properties and occurrence characteristics of microplastics in Wuhan urban sewage, provided a theoretical basis for the targeted treatment of microplastic pollution in Wuhan urban sewage in the future. |
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| Keywords: | microplastics separation flotation microscopic characteristics Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) scanning electron microscope-X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) |
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