| 我国一次性塑料污染管理对策研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王燕萍,邓义祥,张承龙,张嘉戌,安立会,刘瑞志.我国一次性塑料污染管理对策研究[J].环境科学研究,2020,33(4):1062-1068. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王燕萍 邓义祥 张承龙 张嘉戌 安立会 刘瑞志 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院水环境研究所, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（No.2016YFC1402206）；上海第二工业大学研究生基金资助项目（No.EGD19YJ0001） |
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| 摘 要： | 一次性塑料垃圾对生态环境和人体健康的危害已经引起国际社会的广泛关注，加强一次性塑料的管理正逐步成为人类的共识，也是我国塑料生产和使用过程中面临的重要现实问题.通过对世界各国和地区一次性塑料管理措施进行系统梳理，归纳出目前出台的相关政策措施主要有征税、自愿协议、全部或部分禁止、禁令和征税并行4类.对我国一次性塑料管理现状进行总结发现，我国当前针对一次性塑料的管理政策存在分散性以及滞后性等问题，尚未达到系统化.借鉴国际经验，在我国现存制度的基础上，针对一次性塑料制品的生产、使用和回收处理的全生命周期过程，提出完善我国一次性塑料污染的管理对策:①源头管理措施包括分阶段、分领域限制和禁止使用一次性塑料，使用税收等经济工具将一次性塑料垃圾外部成本内部化，探索替代品实现一次性塑料使用减量化；②使用过程的管理主要是通过提高一次性塑料的使用次数从而达到减量化使用的目的；③末端管理措施包括完善一次性塑料垃圾产生者责任制，提高垃圾回收中一次性塑料分拣效率和加快技术创新、促进再生利用等；④加强公众参与，提高公众减少使用一次性塑料制品的环境意识，这也是一次性塑料全生命周期管理体系的重要组成部分.
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| 关 键 词： | 一次性塑料 塑料污染 管理对策 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/4/24 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/12/4 0:00:00 |
Management Policies of Single-Use Plastic Pollution in China |
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| WANG Yanping,DENG Yixiang,ZHANG Chenglong,ZHANG Jiaxu,AN Lihui,LIU Ruizhi.Management Policies of Single-Use Plastic Pollution in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(4):1062-1068. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yanping DENG Yixiang ZHANG Chenglong ZHANG Jiaxu AN Lihui LIU Ruizhi |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Research Centre of Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China |
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| Abstract: | The harm of single-use plastic garbage to the ecological environment and human health has drawn wide concerns in the international community, and the global consensus to strengthen the management of single-use plastics has been reached. It is also an important practical environmental problem to improve the management of single-use plastics in dealing with plastic pollution in China. In this study, the international and domestic single-use plastic management measures were systematically analyzed. These measures included four classes, namely taxation, mutual agreement, total or partial prohibition, simultaneous prohibition and taxation. The existing problems in the management of single-use plastics in China were also discussed, which indicates that the current management policies for single-use plastics in China have fragment and hysteresis problems, and generally have not been systematized. According to the international experiences and based on the existing regulations in China, the policy countermeasures were suggested to improve the single-use plastic management in China from the life cycle perspective in terms of production, utilization and recycling use of single-use plastic productions. Source control countermeasures include limitation and prohibition of the use of some single-use plastics step by step, and field by field; utility of economic tools such as taxation to internalize the cost of single-use plastic pollution; exploration of the substitutes to reduce the total usage of single-use plastics. The process management mainly focuses on the reuse of single-use plastics to minimize its usage. The terminal management countermeasures include improvement of the responsibility system of the single-use plastic producers; improvement of sorting efficiency of single-use plastics in garbage recycling; and boosting technological innovation to promote recycling and reuse of single-use plastics. Finally, raising public awareness to reduce the use of single-use plastic products and increasing public participation are important components of the life cycle management system for single-use plastics. |
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| Keywords: | single-use plastics plastic pollution management countermeasures |
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