| 药物及个人护理品的污染现状、分析技术及生态毒性研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 王丹丹,张婧,杨桂朋,李锋民.药物及个人护理品的污染现状、分析技术及生态毒性研究进展[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(12):2013-2020. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王丹丹 张婧 杨桂朋 李锋民 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国海洋大学化学化工学院, 山东 青岛 266100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（No.2016YFA0601304）；海洋国家实验室“鳌山人才”卓越科学家计划项目（No.2015ASTP-OS12） |
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| 摘 要： | 随着医药及洗化行业的快速发展，PPCPs（pharmaceuticals and personal care products，药物及个人护理品）的生产和使用量增长迅速，已经成为自然环境中具有潜在生态风险的一类新型污染物.由于PPCPs在环境中浓度低、检测难度大、生态风险具有潜伏性，高灵敏度的定量检测方法已成为研究的热点.比较了文献中常用的不同预处理方法〔液液萃取（liquid liquid extraction，LLE）、固相萃取（solid phase extraction，SPE）、固相微萃取（solid phase micro extraction，SPME）、超声波溶剂萃取（ultrasonic solvent extraction，USE）、加压液相萃取（pressurized liquid extraction，PLE）、微波辅助溶剂萃取（microwave assisted solvent extraction，MASE）〕和检测方法〔GC/MS（气相色谱-质谱）、GC/MS/MS（气相色谱-双质谱）、HPLC/MS（高效液相色谱-质谱）、HPLC/MS/MS（高效液相色谱-双质谱）〕对地表水、沉积物、饮用水等不同介质中PPCPs检出限和检出浓度的异同，发现水样预处理常采用固相萃取法，其具有高回收和富集倍数、消耗有机溶剂少、省时等优点；固相样品预处理常采用超声溶剂萃取，其具有操作简单、适用性广等优点；HPLC/MS/MS检测方法具有广泛适用性，可检测大多数PPCPs，并且操作简单、灵敏度高.PPCPs会在水生生物体富集，并会表现出抑制酶活性、蛋白质及核酸合成、干扰藻类生长、影响动物活动等毒性效应.建议未来应加强环境中超低浓度PPCPs定量、定性分析技术的研发与应用，同时加强其环境风险研究，为揭示PPCPs的环境归趋行为提供技术支持.
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| 关 键 词： | 药物及个人护理品 检出浓度 分析方法 毒性效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/4/24 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/9/18 0:00:00 |
Pollution Status, Analytical Techniques and Ecotoxicity of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products |
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| WANG Dandan,ZHANG Jing,YANG Guipeng and LI Fengmin.Pollution Status, Analytical Techniques and Ecotoxicity of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(12):2013-2020. |
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| Authors: | WANG Dandan ZHANG Jing YANG Guipeng and LI Fengmin |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Chelmistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China2.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China4.Key Laboratory on Marine Environment and Ecology of Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China |
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| Abstract: | With the rapid development of pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, the amounts of production and usage of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have remarkably increased. PPCPs have been identified as micro-pollutants in the natural environment. Because of the low concentrations, measurement difficulties and potential ecological risks in the environment, the quantitative determination methods of PPCPs with higher sensitivities have attracted more attention. This study compared different sample pretreatments (liquid liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase micro extraction (SPME), ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE)); and different analytical methods (GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, LC/MS, LC/MS/MS) of PPCPs. The study also determined and compared the detection limits of the methods and the concentrations of PPCPs in different surface water, sediment, and drinking water samples. For the water samples, solid phase extraction pretreatment demonstrated the advantages of high recovery, high concentration factor, low organic solvent and time saving. Ultrasonic solvent extraction is best used for the pretreatment of the solid samples. It has the merits of simple operation and wide adaptability. The optimal analytical technique is HPLC/MS/MS. It can analyze most compounds. Mass spectrometry process is easy to operate and with high sensitivities. PPCPs can be enriched in aquatic organisms, inhibit protein activity, nucleic acid synthesis, enzyme activity, and interfere with algae and animal growth, and chlorophyll content. The results of this study suggest that technologies that are able to reach lower detection limit of PPCPs qualitatively and quantitatively are critical. Meanwhile, the risk assessment of PPCPs should be strengthened. This research will provide the theoretical basis and scientific evidence to reduce the environmental harm of PPCPs. |
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| Keywords: | pharmaceuticals and personal care products detectable concentration analytical technology toxicity effects |
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