| 环境微纳塑料的分析方法进展 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 蔡慧文,杜方旎,张微微,施华宏.环境微纳塑料的分析方法进展[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(11):2547-2555. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 蔡慧文 杜方旎 张微微 施华宏 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 华东师范大学,河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海 200241;国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁 大连 116023 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目41776123沪环科项目202034 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为探究环境中微纳塑料的含量、归趋和生态风险，发展可靠的检测方法是重要前提.目前，对微纳塑料的分析方法多种多样，国内外已有多篇综述归纳了各方法的优缺点，甚至提出了"统一"或"标准化"的方法.然而，由于研究目标和技术方法本身的成熟度不同等原因，很难笼统地提出一套适用于所有监测或研究的方法.微纳塑料的研究是基于颗粒性和尺寸效应的研究，笔者将其划分为大粒级微塑料（0.02~5 mm）、小粒级微塑料（1~20 μm）和纳米塑料（1~1 000 nm）3个类别，分别概述各粒级的分析方法进展和技术目标等.对于大粒级微塑料，已形成相对成熟的检测方案，适合开展常规监测和大规模基线数据的调查，但方法多样化，数据的质量不统一导致可比性差，提高方法的可行性和统一性是努力重点；对于20 μm以下的小粒级微塑料，检测的准确度有待提高，发展可靠的定性及定量方法是当前的目标；对于1 000 nm以下的塑料颗粒和可溶性聚合物，发展尚不成熟，需要研究更有效的前处理和分析方法.今后，应针对不同粒级微纳塑料所面临的问题开展方法学研究，加强对微纳塑料环境行为等的基础研究，并逐步发展微纳塑料的预测模型，在可靠数据的基础上进行全面的生态风险评估.
|
| 关 键 词： | 微塑料 小粒级微塑料 纳米塑料 分析方法 环境监测 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-25 |
Research Progress of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Environment |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China2.National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Microplastics, an emerging pollutant, have been a topic of increasing concern in recent years. Establishing reliable detection methods is a key goal for studying the concentration, fate, and ecological risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment. At present, many review papers have outlined various methods of sampling, separation/enrichment, qualitative and quantitative analysis of plastics in different environments, and even proposed 'unified' or 'standardized' methods. However, due to the different research objectives and the maturity of the detection techniques, it is difficult to generalize a set of methods applicable to all monitoring or research. Because of the particle shape and size effects of microplastics and nanoplastics, we define three size categories of microplastics and nanoplastics, namely large microplastics (0.02-5 mm), small microplastics (1-20 μm), and nanoplastics (1-1000 nm) in this review. This article summarizes the research progress of detection techniques and specifies the development goals for the three categories of microplastics and nanoplastics. For large microplastics above 20 μm, there are variouse detection protocols for particle analysis, resulting in inconsistent quality of data and therefore less comparability among reports. Choosing a unified sampling and analysis method is the paramount goal of environmental monitoring. For small microplastics below 20 μm, the determination of concentration is not accurate. Therefore, it is important to develop more reliable, qualitative, and quantitative methods. For particles and water-soluble polymers below 1000 nm, the development of detection methodology is lagging, and efforts should be put on proposing more pretreatment and analysis methods, which will be potential alternative for future environmental monitoring protocol. In future research, we should vigorously develop reliable qualitative and quantitative methods, research on detection of water-soluble polymer and environmental behavior of micro- and nano- plastics, and their predictive models to conduct a comprehensive ecological risk assessment on the basis of more reliable data. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《环境科学研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《环境科学研究》下载全文 |
|
