| 填埋场好氧稳定化非甲烷有机物排放特征及臭氧生成潜势 |
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| 引用本文： | 张涛,王凯楠,白冬锐,孙煜璨,郑钧文,陈坦,杨婷.填埋场好氧稳定化非甲烷有机物排放特征及臭氧生成潜势[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(11):2740-2747. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张涛 王凯楠 白冬锐 孙煜璨 郑钧文 陈坦 杨婷 |
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| 作者单位： | 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京 100081;中央民族大学,民族地区生态环境国家民委重点实验室,北京 100081;北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司,北京 100082;中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2018YFC1903000北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司业务建设项目"好氧生物反应技术在填埋场稳定化中的应用研究"中央民族大学校级青年教师科研能力提升计划项目2021QNPY82 |
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| 摘 要： | 非甲烷有机物（NMOCs）是生活垃圾填埋场释放的重要恶臭物质及臭氧前体物，好氧快速稳定化可有效缩短垃圾稳定化周期.为了解该过程中NMOCs的组分浓度变化特征及潜在环境影响，在河北省某生活垃圾腾退填埋场采集曝气和非曝气阶段场地表面、堆体内部及覆膜破损处的10个气体样品，以气相色谱-质谱法定性、定量分析其中NMOCs的组分和浓度.结果表明:①共检出57种NMOCs物质，曝气阶段NMOCs总浓度（10 555.88 μg/m3）比非曝气阶段（32 358.81 μg/m3）低67%，曝气有效降低了NMOCs的释放浓度.②所有样品的烯烃平均浓度在NMOCs总平均浓度中占比（42.6%）最高，其中丙烯（1 007.28 μg/m3）和正丁烯（822.77 μg/m3）的平均浓度最高.③相关性分析和主成分分析表明，曝气阶段各类物质来源相似或受同一环境因素影响，非曝气阶段卤代烃与其他NMOCs来源有显著差异.④分别以等效丙烯浓度法和最大增量反应活性法计算，曝气阶段臭氧生成潜势较非曝气阶段分别降低了71%和73%，快速稳定化可有效控制臭氧前体物的释放浓度.烯烃是好氧快速稳定化中臭氧生成潜势贡献最大的物质，占臭氧生成总潜势的86%.但所采集10个样品中有9个样品的臭氧生成潜势可能诱发空气质量问题，是GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》中O3二级浓度限值（200 μg/m3）的1~525倍.研究显示，烯烃是好氧快速稳定化过程释放的主要非甲烷有机物类物质.
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| 关 键 词： | 填埋场 好氧快速稳定化 非甲烷有机物 恶臭 臭氧生成潜势 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-19 |
Emission Characteristics and Ozone Formation Potential of Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOCs) during Enhanced Aerobic Stabilization in Landfill |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China2.Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China3.Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100082, China |
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| Abstract: | Non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) emitted from municipal solid waste landfills are important odorous pollutants and ozone formation precursors. Enhanced aerobic stabilization process can effectively shorten the stabilization period of municipal solid waste (MSW). The aim of this study is to understand the change characteristics, concentrations, and the potential environmental impact of NMOCs. Specifically, 10 gas samples were collected from the landfill working surface, the interior of the landfill and the HDPE membrane breakage both in the aeration and non-aeration stage during the reclamation of a municipal solid waste landfill in Hebei Province. The corresponding components and concentrations were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that: (1) A total of 57 NMOCs were detected in samples, and the total concentration of NMOCs in the aeration stage (10, 555.88 μg/m3) was 67% lower than that in the non-aeration stage (32, 358.81 μg/m3), which apparently mitigate the release of NMOCs. (2) The average concentration of alkene in all samples had the highest proportion (42.6%), and propylene (1, 007.28 μg/m3) and n-butene (822.77 μg/m3) were the two substances with the highest average concentrations. (3) According to correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the sources of various substances in the aeration stage were similar or affected by the same environmental factors. Compared with other NMOCs, the sources of halogenated compounds in the non-aeration stage were significantly different. (4) By using the propylene-equivalent concentration method and the maximum increment reactivity method, the ozone formation potential in the aeration stage decreased by 71% and 73%, respectively, compared with the non-aeration stage. Thus, the release concentration of ozone forming precursors could be efficiently reduced through the enhanced stabilization. Alkene was the most important contributor to ozone formation potential, accounting for 86% of the total potential in the enhanced aerobic stabilization process. However, based on the results of 9 samples, the ozone formation potential may cause air quality problems, which was 1-525 times of the limit value of level Ⅱ (200 μg/m3) in National Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012). The results showed that the alkene was the main released NMOCs in the enhanced aerobic stabilization process. |
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